1. Natural Cover Fires

3. view from the west View looking west at the Head of the Fire

4. TOPICS - Wildland PPE - Apparatus - Wildland Tools - Topography and Fuels - Scene Size-Up - Fire Attack - Safety

5. WILDLAND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

6. WILDLAND PPE Lightweight Lightweight Less restrictive Less restrictive Bunker Gear Issues Bunker Gear Issues

7. WILDLAND PPE  Able to withstand radiant heat  Constructed of Nomex and Kevlar  Will burn in direct contact with fire

8. WILDLAND PPE  Your wildland PPE should consist of:  Protective Boots  Wildland Pants  Wildland Coat  Gloves  Helmet  Eye Protection

9. WILDLAND PPE  Wildland Boots should be:  Leather  Eight inches high  Comfortable for the terrain  Wildland Boots should not:  Be made of synthetic material  Have steel toes

10. WILDLAND TOOLS

11. Hand Tools Shovels Shovels Axes Axes Pulaski Pulaski Fire Swatter (Flapper) Fire Swatter (Flapper) Rakes Rakes

12. Mechanical Tools Back Pack Pumps Back Pack Pumps Indian Packs Indian Packs Drip Torch Drip Torch

13. Power Tools Chain Saw Chain Saw Blower Blower

14. Other Tools Chains Chains Flashlights Flashlights Forestry Hose Forestry Hose Nozzles Nozzles Flares Flares Thermal Imaging Camera Thermal Imaging Camera

15. Tool Care  Clean all tools and hose lines after each use  Check for cracks and splits  Use Linn seed oil on wooden handles  Keep tools sharp  Refill all water, foam, and fuel tanks after use

16. Apparatus

17. BRUSH TRUCKS Light Weight Four Wheel Drive Designed for Wildland incidents Mobile to remote locations Foam capabilities

18. Engines Additional tools Additional tools Additional water Additional water Drafting Capabilities Drafting Capabilities Structural Protection Structural Protection Foam Capabilities Foam Capabilities Stage on Roadways Stage on Roadways

19. Tankers Additional Water Additional Water Additional Tools Additional Tools Structural Protection Structural Protection Stage on Roadways Stage on Roadways

20. General Rules Keep warning lights on Keep warning lights on Command apparatus/post should be easily identifiable Command apparatus/post should be easily identifiable Never ride on the outside of a moving apparatus Never ride on the outside of a moving apparatus Driver’s must maintain visual contact with crew working outside of the apparatus Driver’s must maintain visual contact with crew working outside of the apparatus

21. Stage ALL apparatus on the roadways Stage ALL apparatus on the roadways Be mindful bridge weights on rural roads Be mindful bridge weights on rural roads Keep doors shut and windows up in apparatus Keep doors shut and windows up in apparatus First Priority First Priority Life Safety then structural protection Life Safety then structural protection

22. Staging Watch for overhead power lines Watch for overhead power lines Watch for damages trees/limbs Watch for damages trees/limbs Stay clear of LPG or fuel storage tanks Stay clear of LPG or fuel storage tanks Tactically position apparatus for structural protection Tactically position apparatus for structural protection Stage apparatus facing escape routes Stage apparatus facing escape routes

23. FUELS, WEATHER, AND TERMS

24. Fuels Fuel Fuel Any flammable or combustible substance available for fire consumption Any flammable or combustible substance available for fire consumption The most common fuels consumed during a natural cover fire: The most common fuels consumed during a natural cover fire: Grass, brush, trees, and crops Grass, brush, trees, and crops Other fuels encountered: Other fuels encountered: Structures, vehicles, farm equipment, Hazmat, etc. Structures, vehicles, farm equipment, Hazmat, etc.

25. Fuels Surface Fuels Surface Fuels Fuels found on the ground Fuels found on the ground Aerial Fuels Aerial Fuels Fuels on tops of trees and brush Fuels on tops of trees and brush Ladder Fuels Ladder Fuels Fuels connecting surface fuels to aerial fuels Fuels connecting surface fuels to aerial fuels

26. Fuels Light Fuels Light Fuels Short grass or light brush Short grass or light brush Medium Fuels Medium Fuels Brush up to 6 feet high Brush up to 6 feet high Heavy Fuels Heavy Fuels Thick/dense fuels over 6 feet high Thick/dense fuels over 6 feet high

27. Weather - Wind direction and velocity - Low humidity - High temperatures - Lots of sunshine - Low moisture - Time of day - Day of week

28. Terms Origin – Area where the fire started Origin – Area where the fire started Head – Part of the fire with the greatest rate of speed Head – Part of the fire with the greatest rate of speed Heel – Opposite end of the head. Also referred to as the “rear” Heel – Opposite end of the head. Also referred to as the “rear” Unburned – Area of Unburned fuel outside or adjacent to the involved area Unburned – Area of Unburned fuel outside or adjacent to the involved area

29. Black – area that the fire has consumed Black – area that the fire has consumed Flanks – The sides of the fire, roughly parallel to the main direction of the fire spread. Flanks – The sides of the fire, roughly parallel to the main direction of the fire spread.

30. Scene Size-Up

31. Windshield Size-Up Establish Command Establish Command Ask yourself these questions: Ask yourself these questions: What is burning? Fuel type/load What is burning? Fuel type/load How much area is currently involved? How much has burned already? How much area is currently involved? How much has burned already?

32. Windshield Size-Up (continued) How fast is the fire moving? How fast is the fire moving? Are there any exposure concerns? Are there any exposure concerns? Do I need additional resources? Do I need additional resources? Am I staged in a safe area? Am I staged in a safe area?

33. Fire Attack

34. Direct Attack Hierarchy of tool selection of a crew for “typical” light to medium fuel natural cover fires: Hierarchy of tool selection of a crew for “typical” light to medium fuel natural cover fires: Blower Blower Rake Rake Water/Foam Water/Foam

35. Direct Attack Establish a safe anchor point prior to starting fire attack Establish a safe anchor point prior to starting fire attack Start attack by the heel or a natural barrier Start attack by the heel or a natural barrier

36. Direct Attack Work in tandem to prevent fire from reigniting Work in tandem to prevent fire from reigniting Give ongoing reports to command Give ongoing reports to command

37. Direct Attack - Crew Crew Leader - Obtains portable radio, rake, and two flares - Obtains portable radio, rake, and two flares Crew Member - Obtains the blower and its extension tube Additional Crew Member - Obtains an Indian pack/pump pack - Obtains an Indian pack/pump pack

38. Brush Truck Operations Crew Leader - Walks ahead of truck as a spotter, obtains portable Crew Member #1 - Starts pump, drives truck watching other crew members - Starts pump, drives truck watching other crew members Crew member #2 - Deploys crosslay, walks along truck extinguishing flames - Deploys crosslay, walks along truck extinguishing flames

39. Indirect Attack Controlling the fire by constructing a control line along natural barriers or by removing/burning unburned fuel in the fire’s path Controlling the fire by constructing a control line along natural barriers or by removing/burning unburned fuel in the fire’s path

40. Natural Barriers Creeks Creeks Rivers Rivers Streams Streams Dirt Dirt Rock areas Rock areas

41. Manmade Barriers Roadways Roadways Parking lots Parking lots Ditches Ditches

42. Back Burning Method involves burning a fire line ahead of the fire to eliminate fuels for the fire to consume

43. Indirect Attack - Crew Crew Leader - Obtains portable, drip torch, and two flares - Obtains portable, drip torch, and two flares Crew Member - Obtains blower and extension tube or a water pack - Obtains blower and extension tube or a water pack Additional Crew Member - obtains a rake - obtains a rake

44. After the Fire Double check for hot spots Double check for hot spots Check back in with the IC – entire crew Check back in with the IC – entire crew Rehab tools Rehab tools Refill apparatus Refill apparatus Terminate command Terminate command

45. Safety

46. Safety Solid Incident Command Accountability Communications Escape Routes Safety Zones

47. Safety In the majority of NCF incidents, there are no lives at risk until the first firefighter arrives In the majority of NCF incidents, there are no lives at risk until the first firefighter arrives Prepare for the worst case scenario Prepare for the worst case scenario Place experienced personnel in crew leader and incident commander roles Place experienced personnel in crew leader and incident commander roles

48. Safety Special Considerations Special Considerations Fire moving up hills Fire moving up hills Power lines Power lines Fences Fences Above ground fuel tanks Above ground fuel tanks Falling Timber/Limbs Falling Timber/Limbs Urban Interface Urban Interface

49. Safety Concerns Be mindful of change in wind pattern Be mindful of change in wind pattern Watch for spot fires over your line Watch for spot fires over your line Unclear assignment Unclear assignment Crew fatigue Crew fatigue

50. Reminders Hydrate and rehab as needed Hydrate and rehab as needed Park on roadways Park on roadways Do not ride outside of a moving apparatus Do not ride outside of a moving apparatus Stay with your crew Stay focused Call for additional recourses early

51. Summary

52. Priorities Life Safety Life Safety Incident Stabilization Incident Stabilization Property Conservation Property Conservation

53. SCENARIOS

55. Windshield View