1. CHAPTER 18: AN ERA OF REFORM

2. PRISON REFORM: CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM
Jail inmates were in chains & lived in cages.
Children were in jail with adult prisoners.
Mentally ill were treated as criminals.
Insufficient mental hospitals.

3. PRISON REFORM: CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

4. PRISON REFORM: CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

5. PRISON REFORM: CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

6. PRISON REFORM: CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

7. PRISON REFORM: REFORM LEADER
Dorothea Dix

8. PRISON REFORM: REFORMS
New asylums
State governments stopped placing debtors in prison.
Special justice systems for children
Cruel punishments outlawed

9. EDUCATION REFORM: CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM
Few areas had public schools.
Schoolrooms were overcrowded.
Teachers had limited education & received little pay.
Most children didn’t go to school.

10. EDUCATION REFORM: REFORM LEADER
Horace Mann

11. EDUCATION REFORM: REFORMS
New York set up public elementary schools.
Massachusetts voted to pay taxes to build better schools, pay teachers higher salaries, & establish training schools for teachers.
By 1850, most white boys attended free public schools.
Public universities accepted women.

12. ABOLITIONISM: GOAL OF THE MOVEMENT
to abolish slavery

13. ABOLITIONISM: LEADERS OF THE MOVEMENT
William Lloyd Garrison
Frederick Douglass
Angelina & Sarah Grimke
Sojourner Truth

14. WOMEN’S RIGHTS: CONDITIONS BEFORE THE MOVEMENT
Women could not vote or hold office.
Fathers/husbands controlled women’s money & property.
Husbands could physically discipline their wives.

15. WOMEN’S RIGHTS: LEADERS OF THE MOVEMENT
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucy Stone

16. SENECA FALLS: GRIEVANCES
Man did not let woman vote.
He did not give her property, rights, even to her own wages.
He did not allow her to practice professions like medicine & law.

17. SENECA FALLS: ADVANCES ACHIEVED
New York gave women control over property & wages.
Massachusetts & Indiana passed more liberal divorce laws.
Elizabeth Blackwell started her own hospital.
Women eventually were given the right to vote.

18. Women’s Grievances
He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead.

19. Women’s Grievances
He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns.

20. Women’s Grievances
He has so framed the laws of divorce, and to whom guardianship of the children shall be given, in all cases, puts all power into his hands.