1. Special First Aid Situations
In this presentation, we will examine several special situations that commonly occur. There is a very good chance that you will be called upon to provide first aid for one or more of these situations at some time in your life.
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2. Special First Aid Situations
Poisoning
Epileptic Seizures
Anaphylactic Shock
In this presentation, we will examine several special situations that commonly occur. There is a very good chance that you will be called upon to provide first aid for one or more of these situations at some time in your life.
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3. Inhaled Poisons Examples: Symptoms: Freon Nitrous oxide Gasoline vapor
Natural gas
Symptoms:
Nausea
Vomiting
Seizures
Confusion
If someone has inhaled or consumed a poison, if is important to act quickly. If you see nausea, vomiting, seizures or confusion then the poison is already acting. A person can inhale poisons in the form of fumes from toxic gases.
The first thing you must do is ventilate the area by opening a window or door and allowing fresh oxygen into the room. Then call 911 and administer CPR if needed.
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4. Inhaled Poisons Treatment: Adequate ventilation Call 911
CPR may be needed.
Get away from the area if there is a potential for fire or explosion.
If you are in a home and don’t know the source of the fumes, the first thing you must do is to protect yourself and others. Ventilate the area or get out into the fresh air. This is especially important if you do not know the source of the poisoning. Many toxic fumes are also flammable, and there is a potential for fire or explsion. Freon and nitrous oxide and gasoline are sometimes used as drugs of abuse and the user can be come violent. Be careful in their treatment.
The first thing you must do is ventilate the area by opening a window or door and allowing fresh oxygen into the room. Then call 911 and administer CPR if needed.
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5. Inhaled Poisons Carbon Monoxide Click to Continue
Often caused by malfunctioning heating systems or car exhaust.
Not really a poison—it blocks the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.
In light skinned people look for cherry red lips, fingernails, and cheeks. In dark skinned people look for a grayish tint to the lips and fingernails.
Get the victim to good ventilation and call 911.
Carbon Monoxide is usually caused by malfunctioning heating systems, especially space heaters, or automobile exhaust. Strictly speaking, it is not a poison. It causes death by interfering with the body ability to pick up oxygen as the blood circulates through the lungs. The victim should not be permitted to move around because of the oxygen starvation of the body. The first thing you must do is ventilate the area by opening a window or door and allowing fresh oxygen into the room. Then call 911 and administer CPR if needed.
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6. Ingested Poisons National Poison Control: . (1-800-222-1222).
Caustic liquids that cause the burning and irritation of the lungs and or the stomach
Bleach, lye, furniture polish ect.
Do not induce vomiting, as it can cause damage on the way up.
Non caustic over dose of dose of
Aspirin,Tylenol prescription drugs, illegal drugs
Call poison control: They will recommend that you induce vomiting as quickly as possible if you are sure that these are the poisons, and If the person is conscious.
If someone in your home has taken poison, the first thing you need to know is the type of poison. Get the container, and call your local Poison Control center or the national poison hotline number. ( ). The local phone numbers are available online, and you should keep the number with your list of emergency numbers, especially if there are children in the house. Poison control Centers can give you advice on the treatment for specific poisons. Under no circumstances should you cause the victim to vomit if they have ingested a caustic substance, or if you don’t know the substance.
If someone has ingested a non caustic poison, check the label for directions. It may suggest diluting the substance and or use a substance to absorb the poison. Do not give the person anything to eat or drink unless directed to do so by the poison control center. •DO NOT give an unconscious victim anything by mouth. Get immediate medical help. Take the container with you to the hospital or provide it to the paramedics driver.
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7. Epilepsy Seizures
An epileptic seizure, sometimes called a fit, happens when ordinary brain activity is suddenly disrupted.
Epileptic seizures can take many forms.
A person may lose consciousness and have no memory of the incident.
Convulsions may occur.
Be careful not to follow old myths about proper procedures.
An epileptic seizure (often called a fit and sometimes an attack) happens when ordinary brain activity is suddenly disrupted. Epileptic seizures can take many forms. In the one’s we will discuss here, the person will lose control of the body and may have convulsions. The person may lose consciousness and have no memory of the incident when it is over. In most cases, the person has had these before, and will understand what happened when it is over. There are many myths about what to do to help someone during a seizure, so you should be sure to follow correct procedures, as will be described here, rather than these old myths.
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8. Treatment for Seizures
Move any thing that the person could damage themselves with out of the immediate area.
Make the area as comfortable as possible
Call 911
Treat any condition associated with the seizure
There is little a bystander can do about the seizure itself, but the effects of the seizure can be controlled. First, make sure that the area around the patient is clear so that they do not hurt themselves during the seizure. Keep people back and make the patient comfortable, and have someone call 911.
Most of the time the seizure will be over in short period of time.It is important however
that any object be remover that they might injure themselves or other people such as pencil pens and keys. Pillows under the head may be useful in keeping them from further injury.
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9. Treatment for Seizures
Things not to do
Do not try to put anything in the mouth. There is no danger of swallowing the tongue, and the teeth can be injured.
Do not try to restrain them.
Look for medical alert information.
Do not make the person feel uncomfortable with undue and unnecessary attention when it is over. The person usually understands what happened and will not need further assistance.
There are some misconceptions about treatment of seizures that you need to avoid. DO NOt put anything in the mouth. Sometimes a person in seizure will bite their tongue, and well meaning individuals have attempted to prevent this by inserting something in the mouth. This can cause the teeth to be broken or damaged. Some well meaning first aiders have lost the tip of a finger by trying to remove the tongue from between the teeth. You should not restrain a person in convulsions. Make them safe, and look for medical alert information that may assist you in caring for the person. People with epilepsy have often become accustomed to this situation, and you will do more harm than good by trying to provide unneeded help after the seizure is over.
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10. Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is a sever allergic reaction to various proteins.
Common allergic proteins include
bee venom
penicillin
peanuts
shrimp
Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction to what would normally be a harmless substances and proteins. In some cases, a person knows about this allergy and can avoid substances or will have a medic alert tag in case of an attack, but sometimes allergic reactions come on suddenly.
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11. Symptoms Hives/red blotchy complexion
Difficulty breathing due to swelling of the throat, causing the airway to close
Vomiting and diarrhea
Low blood pressure
Check for a medic alert tag
A person having this severe allergy my have a red blotchy complextion , and difficulty breathing. Anaphylactic shock can result in death if not treated quickly, and some people with severe allergies carry an injection kit to be used in emergencies. If you see someone in this condition, call 911 first. Then help them get in the most comfortable position for breathing. Ask if they have an injection kit, and if so, assist them it’s it’s use.
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12. Treatment Call 911 Check for an emergency kit
If victim become unconscious:
Treat for shock
Check for breathing
Administer CPR.
Check for pulse,
If there is a pulse, administer rescue breathing
(1 breath every 5 seconds)
Ask if they have an injection kit, and if so, assist them it’s it’s use. If the victim becomes unconscious, administer CPR. If the victim has a pulse, you will concentrate on rescue breathing, because in anaphylactic shock, the closed airway my be preventing the passage of air. The assumption is that some air will get through. You should check for a heartbeat after each cycle of breathing (after one minute.) Continue CPR until help arrives.
People with known allergies often carry kits in case of an emergency.
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