1. VERRES VLTA Emergency Requirement Research Evaluation Study Crew Co-operation in VLTA The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004

2. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Agenda VERRES project introduction Approach of the study Theoretical aspects Main Issues concerning Co-ordination of Cabin Crews in VLTA Actual Crew co-ordination limitations and VLTA Recommended study perspectives for future research

3. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 VERRES Context

4. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 VERRES project WP1: Configurational aspects for VLTA WP2: Investigating the requirements of a methodology utilising analysis and partial testing WP3: Aspects of occupants safety for VLTA concepts WP4: Synthesis WP5: Dissemination

5. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Objective and Approach of the Study Objective : identification of the main issues in order to guide future VLTA research or design Approach:  Bibliographical research (state of the art)  Theoretical aspects  Past researches in the domain  Experts assessment with professional CC (Virgin Atlantic) Make recommendations from a social and technical point of view based on these three sources of information

6. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Theoretical Appraisal Synergy (  ) obey to precise conditions which are difficult to reach in general, and particularly questioning in the context on emergency situation in VLTA, requiring specific training, procedures and equipment  Emergency situation management requires Redundancy and Co-operation between the different actors of the flight. Good communication is of paramount importance to the quality of co- ordination To avoid co-ordination breakdown in VLTA, research should be conducted on additional communication means to be used in normal and abnormal operation

7. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Identified Issues in past research on Cabin Crews Co-ordination in VLTA Task allocation should be based on the number of fully qualified Cabin Crew Task allocation should insure a balanced tasks sharing to optimise workload and insure complementary mental representation among Cabin Crew Non Door Cabin Crew activity should be formalised and taken into account, above all in the eventuality of staircase in the cabin Independent or integrated double deck lead to the same demands: Non Door Cabin Crew at stairs, additional communication devices and specific training for all the crew members

8. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Experts assessment CCs assessment of Actual issues in the cabin management on normal operation  Operators involved  Time needed to solve the problem  Technical difficulty  Frequency of the issues  Key safety tasks per flight phases Assessment of the likely impact of the main issues  Size of the crew  Size of the cabin  Number of passengers  Increased probability of key safety tasks, with a risk of simultaneity of critical tasks

9. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Crew co-ordination actual limitations and VLTA Focusing Cabin Crew co-ordination should involve the study of co-ordination with other actors as Flight Crew and Ground Staff Some actual difficulties in Cabin Crew co-ordination may be worse in VLTA features, because their frequency of occurrence, and resolving time would increase A special emphasis should be given to Pursers role definition, procedures definition and specific equipment to support their activity in a VLTA environment

10. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Recommendations for future researches Within the social field:  Recurrent joined management training with Flight crew and Ground Staff (boarding team, firemen)  Specific training module should be developed for CCs in VLTA, dealing with :  Situations likely to become more demanding on VLTA’s features  The formalisation of the stairs management  The Double deck management  Integration of the Non Door CCs function in training and emergency evacuation procedures Within the technical field:  New adapted communication tools should be designed between the CCs, CCs and Ground Staff in normal and abnormal situations

11. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004 Synergy : definition Ideal condition for teamwork consisting in:  Common objectives  Accepted leadership  Explicit and Adaptive task allocation  Information sharing  Matching between local tactics and global strategy The team performance is superior to the sum of the individual performances Back

12. The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004