1. DRI THE DEVELOPMENT OF DITCHING and WATER IMPACT DESIGN LIMITS PRESENTED AT INT’L CABIN SAFETY CONFERENCE NOVEMBER 15-17, 2004 LISBON, PORTUGAL DYNAMIC RESPONSE INC. (DRI) FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA-TC)

2. DRI SBIR WATER IMPACT PROGRAM PHASE I Feasibility of Methodology PHASE II Perform Full Scale Tests, Model and Correlate Model For Existing Scale Model Ditching test Evaluate FAR27/29 Water/impact/Ditching Regulations & Compliance Develop Preliminary Water impact Design Limits PHASE III Develop Military Helicopter KRASH Models Evaluate Correlation Techniques/Procedures Develop Design Envelopes (DLE) - Water Impact/Ditching Develop DLE Procedures --- Civil helicopters --- Military helicopters

3. DRI IMPACT ENVELOPES

4. DRI SIGNIFICANT QUESTIONS 1.Can modeling simulate /represent the significant aspects of full-scale impact and scale model ditching tests? 2.Can analytical modeling be an effective tool in the development of crash design criteria?

5. DRI ASPECTS OF WATER IMPACT AND DITCHING Kinematics BehaviorKinematics Behavior Overall responseOverall response Discrete location responseDiscrete location response FailuresFailures Design parametersDesign parameters Seat-occupant performance/toleranceSeat-occupant performance/tolerance Trends & relationshipsTrends & relationships

6. DRI FULL SCALE WATER IMPACT TESTS 1998 - 1999 Tests of UH-1H Test S1 26 fps vertical Test S2 28 fps vertical 39 fps longitudinal

7. DRI OVERALL RESPONSES & KINEMATIC BEHAVIOR

8. DRI FLOOR ACCELERATION

9. DRI PRESSURE RESPONSE

10. DRI FLOOR PULSE

11. DRI FLOOR VERTCAL PULSES – GROUND, WATER, REGULATIONS

12. DRI SIGNIFICANT QUESTIONS 1.Can modeling simulate /represent the significant aspects of full-scale impact and scale model ditching tests? 2.Can analytical modeling be an effective tool in the development of crash design criteria?

13. DRI DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS- SEAT LOAD LIMIT 26 FPS VERTICAL WATER IMPACT NO SEAT LOAD LIMIT 14.5G SEAT LOAD LIMIT

14. DRI DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS – EA OLEO Vs. SKID TYPE GEAR Floor pulse Kinetic energy

15. DRI TRENDS – SEA STATE VS. CALM SEA

16. DRI S2/S1 Pressure Trend Comparison; Analysis Vs. Test

17. DRI DITCHING COMPLIANCE

18. DRI DITCHING COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES Scale Model Testing - rigid, deficient, misleading, costly Similarity to Existing Designs - questionable basis Pressure Calculations - static flotation analysis Vertical Load Factor Calculations - stall speed, no sink velocity Procedures - under-estimate pressure & acceleration

19. DRI DLE for WATER IMPACTS

20. DRI DLE-DITCHING APPLICATION

21. DRI KRASHSOM-HIC RESULTS

22. DRI DLE CONSIDERATIONS

23. DRI APPLICABILITY TO FAR 25; TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRCRAFT FAR 25, FAR 27 and FAR 29 HAVE: Ditching Envelope Seat Dynamic Test Requirements Mass Item Retention Acceptance Criteria Compliance Procedures Different Levels but Many Similarities

24. DRI SUMMARY SBIR Tests/Correlation and Applications - 2 Full Scale Water and 35 Scaled Ditching Tests - Aircraft Weights: 10,000 -20,000- 42600 lb. GTOW - Design Requirements & FAR Regulations Development of Civil Design Limit Envelopes – - Occupant –Seat Integrity - Structural and Mass Retention Integrity Development of Ditching and Water Impact Design Criteria and Procedures Utilization of DLE to Evaluate Design Strength, Operational Conditions, Acceptance Criteria, and New Designs Applicability of DLE Concept and Procedures to FAR25 Transport Category Airplanes