1. CF Concepts for NBCD
107 NBCD 01

2. Introduction Purpose of NBC Defence Introduction to NBC Warfare
Local Alarms
Warning Signals
Survival Rule
Immediate Actions

3. Introduction
The strategic priority of DND is to maintain a multi-purpose, combat capable force to meet the objectives the Government set out in the 1994 Defence White Paper. Thus the CF will need to be able to operate with modern armed forces against a capable opponent.
Given the world-wide proliferation and subsequent availability of NBC weapons to a capable opponent, the CF shall be prepared to survive and be confident of continuing combat operations in an NBC environment.

4. Introduction
In certain circumstances such as Cyprus and Vietnam, chemical agents and defoliants were used and there has since been confirmation of the use of chemical agents by countries such as Iraq and Iran in more recent conflicts.
We have only to look at current events to realize today’s very real NBC threat to our soldiers in the field.
Even though Canadian Government policy does not allow Canada to initiate NBC warfare, it is essential that all our personnel be able to recognize the threat, so they can protect themselves against such attacks and maintain combat effectiveness

5. Canadian Forces Policy for NBCD Defence
Biological Weapons
Canada does not possess any biological or toxin-based weapons, and will not develop, produce, acquire, stockpile, or use such weapons.
Chemical Weapons
Canada does not possess any chemical weapons other than the devices used for crowd and riot control. Canada has renounced both the use of chemical weapons in war and the right to develop, produce, acquire, or stockpile such weapons for use in warfare, unless these weapons are used against the military forces or the civilian population of Canada or it’s allies.

6. Standardized warning systems have been established to warn troops who are potential targets. Details of these warning devices and the actions to be taken are normally given in Unit Standard Operating Procedures and/or Unit Standing Orders
Threats of attack
When there is a threat of an attack, units are responsible for warning their personnel. The unit will give the local alarm.

7. General Indicators of a Biological or Chemical Attack
Suspicious liquids or solids on the ground or on vegetation
Unexplained smoke or mist
Dead or sick animals or birds
Suspicious odors

8. Chemical Agent Indicators
Irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and skin
Headache, dizziness and nausea
Difficulty with, or increased rate of breathing
A feeling of choking or tightness in the throat or chest
Strange or out of the ordinary orders
Strange flavours in food or water

9. Biological Agent Detection
An increase in sick or dead animals
Unusual or unexplained increase in the number of insects
Enemy fire that does not seem to have an immediate casualty effect

10. Chemical Agent Characteristics
Symptoms
Treatment
Nerve Gas
Breathing difficulties, tightness in chest, nausea, excessive sweating, vomiting, cramps, headache coma, convulsions, drooling
Administer atrophine
Blister agents, Mustard and Arsenical agents
Eyes enflamed, burning, blisters and tissue destruction
Apply protective Ointment to exposed areas
Choking Agent
Difficulty in breathing, tightness in chest
Loosen clothing, avoid unnecessary exertion and keep warm
Blood agents, Cyanide, arsine gases
Breathing difficulties, tightness in chest
Administer Amyl Nitrate and artificial respiration
Ear Agents
Eyes water, intense eye pain, irritation of upper respiratory tract
Air skin, flush irritated surfaces with water
Vomiting agents
Sneezing, nausea, salivation, vomiting
Vigorous activity helps reduce nausea and it’s duration
Incapacitating
Abnormal behaviour, muscle weakness, central nervous system disorders
Support first aid and physical restraints in some cases.

11. Survival Rules A.R.O.U.S.E. Artillery or other enemy bombardment
Raids or other hostile acts by enemy aircraft against your unit
Odours, liquids or solids which are suspicious are detected
Unusual bomblets or missiles are seen
Smoke or mist from an unknown source
Effects on your body, on others or on animals or plants are noticed

12. Immediate Actions
Mask up
Take cover
Check detector papers
Perform decontamination
Administer atropine (if needed)

13. Conclusion Purpose of NBC defence CF policies for NBC defence
Indicators of a NBC attack
Survival rule
Immediate actions