1. 10.1 Behavior Cell-network Protein Gene G2G2 G3G3 G1G1 P1P1 Environment (stimuli, nutrients, temperature, etc.) G4G4 P2P2 P3P3 P4P4 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 B2B2 B3B3 B4B4

2. 10.2 Healthy queen (diploid) Nonhealthy drone (haploid) uurr X UR Unhealthy workers (diploid) uUrR BACKCROSS Healthy queen (diploid) uurr X ur uR Ur UR F1 drones from unfertilized eggs (haploid) EXPECTED: 25% 25% 25% 25% OBSERVED: 21% 31% 21% 27% r: removes dead larvae U: fails to uncapR: fails to removeu: uncaps cells

3. 10.3 P (parental population) Character Frequency High Low F 1 (first filial generation) F 2 (second filial generation) Character Frequency Character Frequency Character Frequency Character Frequency

4. 10.4

5. 10.5 F1 cross

6. 10.6

7. Selected linesAdh strainWild type 10.7

8. 10.8 bmal1 clk CLOCK BMAL1 E-box per 1,2,3 cry 1,2 PER CRY (a) (b) Expression (% of maximum) 100 80 60 40 20 0 Time (h) 06121806121824 per PER BMAL1 bmal1

9. Acquisition training STMMTM LTM (spaced training) ARM (massed training) dunce rutabaga fasciclin II volado amnesiac radish CREB? 10.9

10. 17 14 21 28 30 Training (Days) Recall (elevated CaMKII) 17 14 21 28 30 Training (Days) Recall 17 14 21 28 30 Training (Days) Recall 17 14 21 28 30 Training (Days) Recall (a) (b) (c) (d) 10.10