1. Pick up 2 file folders + headings from demo table
Get 2 microscopes per group

2. Mini-Poster Symposium

4. Peppered moth evolution
gene pool
variation
phenotype
differential reporduction
survival
advantage
environment
allele

5. Game

6. Cockroach population Evolving?
Pick up a whiteboard and marker. Split it in half
Draw up a population of cockroaches. 5 dotted, 5 clear. D is the dotted allele and a is the clear allele.
On one half put all the cockroaches. Next to each cockroach put the genotype: AA, Aa or aa. THESE ARE INDIVIDUALS. Yell checkpoint
On the other side label gene pool just put alleles individually. THESE ARE ALLELE FREQUENCIES
How many A? Total A/Total
How many a? Total a/Total

7. What do these symbols mean?p2 q2
2pq p q

8. Using Hardy-Weinberg equation
population: 100 cats
84 black, 16 white
How many of each genotype?
q2 (bb): 16/100 = .16
q (b): √.16 = 0.4
p (B): = 0.6
p2=.36
2pq=.48
q2=.16 BB Bb bb
What are the genotype frequencies?
Must assume population is in H-W equilibrium! 8

9. Hardy-Weinberg Equation
p=frequency of one allele (A); q=frequency of the other allele (a); p+q= (p=1-q & q=1-p)
p2=frequency of AA genotype; 2pq=frequency of Aa genotype; q2=frequency of aa genotype;
frequencies of all individuals must add to 1 (100%), so: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
G.H. Hardy
mathematician
W. Weinberg
physician

10. Hardy Problem
Calculate q2 Count the individuals that are homozygous recessive in the illustration above. Black is recessive to pink. Calculate the percent of the total population they represent. This is q2.
Calculate q
Q2=4/16=0.25
q=0.5
p + q = l. You know q, so what is p, the frequency of the dominant allele?
P=0.5
Find 2pq
2pq = 2(0.5) (0.5) = 0.5 , so 50% of the population is heterozygous.

11. Video on Hardy-Weinberg
Bozemanscience
Video on Hardy-Weinberg

12. Hardy-Weinberg=NO EVOLUTION
To see what forces lead to evolutionary change, we must examine the circumstances in which the Hardy-Weinberg law may fail to apply.
There are five:
mutation
gene flow
genetic drift
nonrandom mating
natural selection

13. 5 Agents of evolutionary change
Gene Flow
Non-random mating
Genetic Drift
Selection
Mutation 13

14. Problem 1
In a certain population of 1000 fruit flies, 640 have red eyes while the remainder have sepia eyes. The sepia eye trait is recessive to red eyes. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous for red eye color?
Hint: The first step is always to calculate q2! Start by determining the number of fruit flies that are homozygous recessive. If you need help doing the calculation, look back at the Hardy-Weinberg equation.

15. Solve the problem below

16. 5 Agents of evolutionary change
Gene Flow
Non-random mating
Genetic Drift
Selection
Mutation 16

17. Problem 2
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is useful for predicting the percent of a human population that may be heterozygous carriers of recessive alleles for certain genetic diseases. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a human metabolic disorder that results in mental retardation if it is untreated in infancy. In the United States, one out of approximately 10,000 babies is born with the disorder.
Approximately what percent of the population are heterozygous carriers of the recessive PKU allele?

18. Natural selection NOT in Hardy-Weinberg
Fitness: contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation
3 types:
A. Directional
B. Diversifying
C. Stabilizing