1. Diversity Resources and Data Snapshots March 2012 Edition Diversity Policy and Programs & the Center for Workforce Studies

2. AAMC’s Center for Workforce Studies conducted a series of analyses focusing on physician race and ethnicity with data from its Surveys of Physicians Under and Over 50 (two nationally representative sample surveys conducted in 2006). The third of three installments in the Diversity Resources and Data Snapshots series featuring this research, results reported here focus on physician financial status. Physician Workforce Research: Focus on Physician Race and Ethnicity

3. Black/African American physicians consistently report not doing as well financially as other physicians. Mean student debt level at graduation varies tremendously by race and ethnicity, and it is highest for Black/African American physicians. Controlling for other factors, such as IMG status, sex, practice setting and specialty, Black/African American physicians are only about half as likely as white physicians to report a financial status that is very good or excellent. Physician Race & Ethnicity: Financial Status

4. Black/African American physicians less likely than others to report practice to be very or extremely economically viable (2006) Notes: 1) * p<0.05 with white, non-Hispanic as reference group; 2) NH = non-Hispanic/Latino; 3) Physicians are active, patient care only; 4) item not included on survey for physicians under 50 years of age; 5) Native American, Multiple Races & others excluded due to small numbers. * *

5. Notes: 1) * p<0.05 with white, non-Hispanic as reference group; 2) NH = non-Hispanic/Latino; 3) Physicians are active, patient care only; 4) Native American, Multiple Races & others excluded due to small numbers. * * Black/African American physicians less likely than others to report very good or excellent financial status (2006) *

6. Mean debt at graduation is highest for Black/African Americans than others (2006) * * * Notes: 1) * p<0.05 with white, non-Hispanic as reference group; 2) NH = non-Hispanic/Latino; 3) Physicians are active, patient care only; 4) Native American, Multiple Races & others excluded due to small numbers; 5) item not included on survey for physicians over 50 years of age.

7. Modeling financial status: all physicians Financial status very good or excellent Selected variables in the equationBSig.Exp(B) Asian/Pacific Islander (NH)-0.080.92 Black/African American (NH)-0.54**0.58 Hispanic0.111.12 Other race/ethnicity (NH)***0.40*1.49 IMGs-0.68**0.51 Female-0.25**0.78 Group practice0.63**1.88 Hospital0.38**1.46 Other setting0.39**1.48 Primary care-0.37**0.69 Controllable lifestyle specialty0.14*1.16 Notes: 1) * p<0.05 /** p<0.01with non-Hispanic whites, non-IMGs, males, solo practice and other specialty as reference groups; 2) NH = non-Hispanic/Latino; 3) Physicians are active, patient care only;.

8. Additional resources More physician workforce related research and data reports are available from AAMC’s Center for Workforce Studies: https://www.aamc.org/initiatives/workforce/https://www.aamc.org/initiatives/workforce/ And from the National Center for Health Workforce Analysis: http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/index.html Resources on AAMC’s diversity and inclusion initiatives: https://www.aamc.org/initiatives/diversity/

9. Contact Information For more information regarding the physician workforce, please contact: Michael J. Dill Senior Data Analyst Association of American Medical Colleges mdill@aamc.org

10. Contact Information Sarah Schoolcraft Senior Research Analyst Diversity Policy and Programs Association of American Medical Colleges 202-828-0560 sschoolcraft@aamc.org sschoolcraft@aamc.org

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