1.
Reconstruction

2. Why? Congress enacted this plan for two reasons
South needed rebuilt after the war
Sherman’s March
Needed a way for Confederate states to be allowed back in Union

3. Lincoln’s 10% Plan Lenient
Wanted to pardon Confederates if they would take an oath swearing allegiance to the Union
High- ranking officials were excluded
Once 10% of voting population had taken the oath, they would be readmitted and also regain their seats in Congress
Not enacted he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

4. Wade-Davis Bill Created by Radical Republicans
Very severe
Ironclad oath that they never supported Confederacy
Wanted slavery
abolished

5. Johnson’s Plan
Same as Lincoln’s except he wanted to ban all high-ranking officials AND wealthy plantation owners
Did not agree with Radical Republicans
Felt that Congress had gone beyond anything “contemplated by the authors of the Constitution”
Felt that white men alone must manage the South

6. Congressional Reconstruction
Passed the 14th Amendment which stated that all people born in the United States were equal
Created the Freedmen’s Bureau Act
Gave Freedmen Rights
Schools for children
Distribution of Land
Provided protection in the courts
Created Civil Rights Act
Guaranteed citizen rights to everyone no matter what color, race or previous condition

7. Problem with All Plans Southerners did not always mean the oath
Many were rich, political figures that stated the oath to get back into Congress to repeal the Radical Republican’s legislations

8. Johnson’s Impeachment
Johnson fired Secretary of War which was against the Constitution
Did the Radical Republicans have a legitimate reason or were they just looking for a way to get rid of Johnson?
Grant was elected to President and passed the 15th amendment which could keep no one from voting

9. Reconstruction Begins
Conditions in South
Economically devastated
Low population
400,000 died
Republicans started setting up public works programs to clean up
Troops sent to South to monitor

10. Politics in South Three types of Republicans in South
Scalawags – Southerners who were Republican
Small farmers
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved South after the war
African Americans
Created Controversy

11. Former Slaves New Life
“We are not prepared for this suffrage. But we can learn. Give a man tools and let him commence to use them and in time he will earn a trade. So it is with voting. We may not understand it at the start but in time we shall learn to do our duty” ~~~ William Beverly Nash

12. African American Successes
Hiram Revels
1st African American US Senator
Voting Rights
Citizen Rights
Frederick Douglass
Supported rights for all citizens including Women, Native American and Blacks
Spent reconstruction era traveling around giving speeches about sufferage

13. African American Hardships
Black Codes
Used before 14th and 15th amendments
Voided with their creation
Blocked African Americans from serving as jurors and testifying against white men
Forced them to sign a yearly work contract
Barred them from acquiring land

14. Jim Crow Laws Sharecropping Klu Klux Klan Poll Tax Grandfather Clause
Literacy Test
Sharecropping
Never ending cycle
Klu Klux Klan
Wanted to destroy Republican Party
Killed 20,000 men, women, children including whites
Many by lynching

15. Southerners Gain Control
Congress passed the Amnesty Act that allowed 150,000 Confederates to vote
Were able to gain power from Republicans in Congress
Let Freedmen’s Bureau expire
Support for Reconstruction fades under Southern controled Congress

16. End of Reconstruction 1876 – Reconstruction officially ends
Presidential election 1876
Samuel Tilden and Rutherford Hayes
Tilden is short one electoral vote
South agrees to vote in Hayes on one condition
Compromise of 1877
If Hayes agrees to withdraw troops from South he will win

17. Aftermath of Reconstruction
Plessy v. Ferguson
Paved the way for African Americans today
Separate but not so equal