1. CHILDREN IN ZAMBIA THE HOPE AND REALITIES Presented to STANFORD UNIVERSITY - CENTRE FOR AFRICAN STUDIES San Francisco February 11, 2004 By H.E. Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika CHILDREN IN ZAMBIA THE HOPE AND REALITIES Presented to STANFORD UNIVERSITY - CENTRE FOR AFRICAN STUDIES San Francisco February 11, 2004 By H.E. Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika Ambassador Of The Republic Of Zambia To The United States Of America

2. 2 TRADITIONAL SETTING – PRE-COLONIAL Aspects still exist in some Rural Areas

3. 3 Traditional African Society Limited the vulnerability of orphans Protected children from abuse & neglect Provided support to single parents Avoided child-headed households Afforded children equitable access to resources In traditional pre-colonial African society, children and youth were the collective responsibility of the village and community from pre-natal to adolescence This provided a strong mentoring system that:

4. 4 COLONIAL

5. 5 COLONIAL Missionaries Schools, Health Centres Colonial Government Limited numbers of schools and health centres Smaller Population Strong Economies Communities Self-sufficient in food production

6. 6 REALITIES CURRENT SCENARIOS

7. 7 CURRENT ZAMBIAN SCENARIO 16% of Adult Population (15 to 49) is HIV + 16% of Adult Population (15 to 49) is HIV + Infection rate is higher in women (18%, men-13%) [NAC Report 2003] Infection rate is higher in women (18%, men-13%) [NAC Report 2003] 73% of the population lives under the poverty line [SCOPE OVC Notes May 2002] 73% of the population lives under the poverty line [SCOPE OVC Notes May 2002] By the end of 2001, there were an estimated 570,000 AIDS orphans (ages 0 to 14) living in Zambia By the end of 2001, there were an estimated 570,000 AIDS orphans (ages 0 to 14) living in Zambia % of AIDS orphans rose from 11.5% in 1990 to 65.4% in 2001 [UCSF AIDS Research Institute, USA] % of AIDS orphans rose from 11.5% in 1990 to 65.4% in 2001 [UCSF AIDS Research Institute, USA] Women – affected/infected, care givers. Orphans - 570,000; 11.5% (1990) to 65.4% (2001) (UCSF Aids Research Institute, USA) Strain on care givers and families Depleting workforce BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDA

8. 8 POVERTY 75% - 80% of people below poverty lines of one US$1 per day Some regions as high as 90% Declined economy due to sale of copper mines and other services Rapid and wholesale privatization Diversification (Agriculture, Tourism, Small-scale Mining Food Production – Bumper harvest 2002/2003 Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika

9. 9 HEALTH IMR (2001) Under 5 – 164 per 1,000 MMR – 729% PER 100,000. Malaria Incidences – doubled from 235 to 375 per 1,000 in 10 years. Malaria Fatalities – from 10.6% (1976) to 51.3% (2001) Health facilities Fee-paying Patients have to bring their own treatment supplies. Hospitals, Clinics -More than 10 miles walk in rural areas. Exodus of health workers to other countries Decline in outreach services and training of TBA Ministry of Health (Zambia) 2002

10. 10 EDUCATION Successes COMMUNITY SCHOOLS. Program for the Advancement of Girls Education (PAGE). Move towards Free Primary Education. Pregnant girls can continue education. Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika 2003 Challenges Decline in Adult Literacy Programs. Fewer teachers in rural areas. Longer distances in rural areas. Increase in female drop- out rate by 4 th Grade.

11. 11 Zambian Children in a Rural Area – Mongu (Childrens Christmas Party by IML Zambian Embassy – Children of the Staff

12. 12 HOPES, ASPIRATIONS & DREAMS EMBODIED IN Millennium Development Goals NEPAD the Vehicle for the African Union Youth led organization and interventions Religious Institutions (The Church) Existing Partnerships Factors in Achieving MDG

13. 13 Millennium Development Goals Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Achieve Universal Primary Education Promote Gender Equality Reduce Child Mortality Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia By Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika Improve Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases Ensure Environmental Sustainability Develop a Global Partnership for Development

14. 14 NEPAD

15. 15NEPAD GOALS Achieve sustainable growth rate of about 7% in 15 years Ensure that Africa achieves the International Development goals of Reduction of poverty, infant and maternal mortality rates, gender equality Education, health and other basic services AREAS IN NEPAD Peace and Security Democracy and Political Governance Environment and Corporate Governance Human Resource Development Regional Infrastructure Development of Agriculture Market Access Capital Flows Mobilization of Resources Partnerships in Implementing NEPAD

16. 16 YOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONS

17. 17 YOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONS Youth Alive (Warriors Against HIV/AIDS) Youth Leadership Forum Youth Entrepreneurs Youth Voters Association YW/MCA Guides/Scouts HIV/AIDS – IYF Initiative

18. 18 HIV/AIDS Drop in youth infections from 20% to 16%. Involvement of Youth, Faith-based, NGOs, Government Awareness Campaigns – radio, theater. National AIDS Council Report 2003 (Zambia).

19. 19 RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS

20. 20 THE LAZARUS PROJECT A Partnership of Northmead Assembly of God Church, Crossroads Christian Communication, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and UNICEF Zambia. BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDA AN EXAMPLE

21. 21 Lazarus Project Located in Lusaka with 2 residences for rescued Street children: Chudleigh home (25 boys, 7-12 yrs) Chudleigh home (25 boys, 7-12 yrs) Project Farm house (30 boys, 13-18 yrs) Project Farm house (30 boys, 13-18 yrs)

22. 22Impact 25 boys (7-12 yrs) sheltered & placed in School 25 boys (7-12 yrs) sheltered & placed in School 30 boys sheltered at Lazarus Farm & engaged in skills training 30 boys sheltered at Lazarus Farm & engaged in skills training 13 boys graduated, assisted through micro-finance & integrated in society 13 boys graduated, assisted through micro-finance & integrated in society Reaching 150 boys each month through soup days Reaching 150 boys each month through soup days Dec. 2002 – in partnership with UNICEF- targeted 500 house-holds with love packages Dec. 2002 – in partnership with UNICEF- targeted 500 house-holds with love packages BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDA

23. 23 PARTNERSHIPS

24. 24 PARTNERSHIPS Government NGOs Religious Institutions Schools Bilateral Financial Institutions Multilateral Gender Policy Women Groups Youth Groups Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika

25. 25 Partnering & Leveraging is KEY to success Churches Para-Church Orgs Faith-Based Media Inter-Faith Partnerships Local Partners Communities Government CBOs Natl NGOs Local Communities NGOs Government International Partners Global Fund World Bank UN Agencies Bilaterals COLLABORATION MODEL BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDA

26. 26 FACTORS IN ACHIEVING MDGS Fair Trade Privatization that Benefits Local People Support to Local female Entrepreneurs Girls & Womens Education And Training Translation of local Resources to Cash Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika November 2003