1. More Punnett squares

2. Complete Dominance Involves dominant and recessive alleles
dominant allele always overpowers the recessive allele in appearance

3. Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant or recessive
Organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parents

4. Incomplete Dominance
Ex: Cross a red flower (RR) with a white flower (WW) and the offspring will be pink (RW)!

5. Incomplete Dominance
(RR)
In another flower, if red ____ and blue ____ flowers are crossed, they produce a 3rd purple ____ flower
What would be the genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio if you crossed two purple flowers?
(BB)
(RB)

6. Incomplete Dominance Cross of two purple flowers _RB_ X _RB_
What are gamete possibilities?
genotypic ratio
1RR : 2RB : 1BB
phenotypic ratio
1red : 2 purple : 1 blue R B RR
red RB
purple BB
blue R B

7. Codominance Neither allele is dominant or recessive
Parents with different phenotypes produce an offspring with a third phenotype
Third phenotype will show both parental phenotypes simultaneously (at the same time)

8. Codominance
In cattle and horses, if you cross a pure red (RR) with a pure white (WW), you get (RW) which produces the color roan.

9. Codominance
These cattle or horses actually have both red and white hairs intermixed, or are spotted. Roan is a third phenotype.
If you cross a roan with a white…
RW X WW R W RW
roan WW
white W W

11. What is it?! + = = +

12. Multiple alleles
two or more possible alleles for the same gene within a population
Thus multiple alleles
However, individuals within the population are only able to hold two of them
Non-human examples: rabbit fur color, mice skin color, eye color in flies, wing size in flies

13. Multiple Alleles Blood type in humans
The _four_ different blood types:
A, B, O, and AB
Blood types are produced by three_ different alleles:
A, B and O
Phenotype
Genotype A
AA or AO B
BB or BO AB
AB only O
OO only

14. Genotype for Blood Type
I and i used in genotype I used with A and B i used with O A and B are dominant over O: A and B are codominant Ex: Genotype: AA is IAIA

15. Blood type chart PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE A AA, IAIA AO, IAi B BB, IBIB
BO, IBi AB
AB, IAIB O
OO, ii
Blood type AB is an example of codominance in humans

16. Blood Type Punnett Square
Draw a Punnett square showing all the possible genotypes for the offspring produced by a type “O” mother and an a Type “AB” father. i i
IAi
IBi
Cross: ii x IAIB IA IB

17. Blood Type Punnett Square
Cross a female with blood type A and a male with heterozygous B blood type.
Complete ratios (phenotypic and genotypic)
A male with blood type B has a child with a woman who has blood type A. The child is blood type O. What is the genotype of the male and female? Show your work.

18. How does blood type work?

19. Blood transfusions

20. Rh factor: Rh for Rhesus Monkey
Positive vs Negative Blood types
Positive: protein is present
Dominant trait
Negative: protein is absent
Recessive trait

21. Polygenic traits
Traits controlled by two or more genes (one gene has two alleles)
Show a wide range of phenotypes
Phenotype is produced by the interaction of more than one pair of alleles

22. Examples of polygenic traits in humans

23. Example of polygenic traits in humans

24. Examples of polygenic traits in humans

25. Sex-linked traits
Every new born has a 50% chance of being female and a 50% chance being male
DAD: X Y
Sperm contains either:
MOM: X X
Eggs all contain: X Y or X Y X X XX XY X

26. Sex-Linked traits
The X chromosome contains many genes, whereas the Y chromosome contains only a few genes
sex-linked genes: genes located on one of the sex chromosomes (X or Y) but not the other
most sex-linked genes are X-linked genes

27. Examples of sex-linked traits: X-linked
Colorblindness: more common in males than females
Hemophilia: more common in males than females
Both colorblindness and Hemophilia are recessive traits

28. Colorblindness

29. Do any of these pictures look the same?!

30. Test time!

31. Colorblind: X-linked trait
C- normal vision
c- colorblind
You must incorporate XX (mom) and XY (dad)
This is how to set it up:
(remember colorblindness is X-linked!)
Normal vision
Heterozygous
(carrier)
Colorblind
Female: XX
Male: XY

32. Punnett Square
Cross a female who is a carrier for colorblindness with a normal vision man.
Cross a normal vision woman (homozygous) with a colorblind man.

33. Hemophilia: X-linked recessive trait
Hemophilia is the inability for blood to clot
Your blood clots every time you get a papercut
H: normal clotting
h: hemophilia
Make a key for hemophilia:
Normal female: Normal Male:
Female Carrier: Can a man be a carrier?
Female with hemophilia: Male with: