1. Lessons Learned in Washington State: Implementing and Sustaining Evidence- Based Juvenile Justice Programs Minnesota Juvenile Justice Forum June 19, 2008 Elizabeth K. Drake Washington State Institute for Public Policy www.wsipp.wa.gov ekdrake@wsipp.wa.gov 360.586.2767

2. Washington State Institute for Public Policy Created in 1983 by the state Legislature Mission: Carry out non-partisan research on projects assigned either by the legislature or the Institutes Board of Directors. 8 legislators 4 higher education provosts or presidents 4 state agency directors 1 of 17

3. Presentation Outline Discuss Washington States experience with evidence-based juvenile justice programs Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned 2 of 17

4. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Juvenile Justice System in WA Determinate sentencing since 1977 Current offense Criminal history Decentralized system County - juvenile court, detention, probation State - juvenile correctional institutions, parole; distributes state funds to counties (Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration, JRA) 3 of 17

5. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Evidence-Based Initiative Intensive probation program in 1995. Institute conducts outcome evaluation and results are not good. Community Juvenile Accountability Act (CJAA) was passed in 1997. Goal: Reduce crime, cost-effectively, by establishing research-based programs in the juvenile court. 4 of 17

6. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned CJAA A CJAA committee was established. Institute examined literature to identify programs that reduce recidivism. Meta-analysis Four CJAA programs were selected. Functional Family Therapy (FFT) Aggression Replacement Training (ART) Coordination of Services (COS) Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST) 5 of 17

7. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Assessment The Institute worked with Juvenile Court Administrators to develop the WA State Juvenile Court Assessment Assessment Measures risk and protective factors. Classifies youth as low, moderate, or high risk for reoffense. Screens youth for program eligibility. Program implementation began in 1999. 6 of 17

8. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Two Types of Research 1. Meta-analysis Combines the results of many studies. Studies must meet a standard of rigor. Results of meta-analysis produce an effect size. 2. Outcome evaluation Valid comparison group. Intent to treat (not just completers). 7 of 17

9. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned 1% 17% 19% 3% 27% 25% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% FFTARTCOS Recidivism Rate Program (Competent Therapists) Control Program (Not Competent Therapists) 8 of 17 32% 27%

10. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Experts Statewide quality assurance steering committee Statewide program experts Regional consultants Training On-going consultation, feedback, and training Assess therapists level of competent program delivery 9 of 17

11. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Evidence-Based Public Policy Options to Reduce Future Prison Construction (2006) Study options to stabilize future prison populations. Study the net short-run and long-run fiscal savings to state and local governments of implementing… evidence-based treatment human service and corrections programs and policies, including prevention and intervention programs Project total fiscal impacts under alternative implementation scenarios. 10 of 17

12. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Evidence-Based Programs for Juvenile Offenders: Selected Results Juvenile Program FFT-18.1% (7)$49,776 MDTFC (foster care)-17.9% (3)$88,953 ART-8.3% (4)$23,015 Intensive Probation (surveillance) 0.0% (3)-$1,650 Scared Straight +6.1%(10)-$17,470 Crime Expected Change In Crime (# of EB Studies) Benefits Minus Costs (per-person, life cycle) 11 of 17 MST -7.7% (10)$17,694 Restorative Justice (low risk) -8.0% (21)$8,702

13. BackgroundResearch Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned What Does This Mean? Many juvenile justice options produce favorable long-run economic returns. Many juvenile justice options produce favorable long-run economic returns. Reduce need for up to two prisons if an aggressive portfolio of evidence-based options were implemented. Reduce need for up to two prisons if an aggressive portfolio of evidence-based options were implemented. In 2007, the Legislature expanded funding for evidence-based programs. In 2007, the Legislature expanded funding for evidence-based programs. $26.2 million $26.2 million One future prison eliminated from agenda. One future prison eliminated from agenda. 12 of 17

14. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Research Research Select programs scientifically shown to work. Select programs scientifically shown to work. Conduct a valid outcome evaluation. Conduct a valid outcome evaluation. Assessment Assessment Develop an assessment to identify appropriate program for each youth. Develop an assessment to identify appropriate program for each youth. Quality Assurance Quality Assurance Implement standards to ensure adherence to the model. Implement standards to ensure adherence to the model. 13 of 17

15. Overview Research Quality Assurance Costs & Benefits Lessons Learned Costs and Benefits Costs and Benefits Determine if the investment produces positive returns to taxpayers. Determine if the investment produces positive returns to taxpayers. People People Develop relationships with stakeholders. Develop relationships with stakeholders. People make decisions, not reports. People make decisions, not reports. 14 of 17

16. Juvenile Justice History in WA Intensive probation program funded. Intensive probation outcomes are not good. Determine if evidence-based programs exist that can be implemented in Washington State juvenile courts. Move funding from intensive probation to evidence-based programs in juvenile courts: Aggression Replacement Training (ART) and Functional Family Therapy (FFT). Preliminary evidence-based program outcomes are positive and emphasize competent delivery (Doc. No. 02-08-1201). Develop adherence and outcome standards for evidence-based programs. Cost-benefit analyses of prevention and intervention programs beyond juvenile offenders. 1995 1996 1997 1998 2002 2003 15 of 17

17. Juvenile Justice History in WA (contd) Outcome evaluation of Washington States research-based programs for juvenile offenders. ART, FFT, & COS. Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth - 6 outcomes of interest. Reinvesting in Youth legislation: State reimburses counties for implementing evidence-based programs. Evidence-Based Public Policy Options to Reduce Future Prison Construction, Criminal Justice Costs, and Crime Rates. Expanded Funding for evidence-based programs: ART, FFT, MST, COS, MDTFC, FIT, Restorative justice for low risk offenders, and drug courts. Working on increasing the number of youth served by evidence- based programs and tracking agency implementation of expansion dollars. 2004 2006 2007 Today 16 of 17

18. Institute Reports of Interest Aos, S., Lieb, R., Mayfield, J., Miller, M., & Pennucci, A. (2004). Benefits and costs of prevention and early intervention programs for youth. Aos, S., Miller, M. & Drake, E. (2006). Evidence-based public policy options to reduce future prison construction. Barnoski, R. (1999). The Community Juvenile Accountability Act: Research-proven interventions for the juvenile court. Barnoski, R. & Aos, S. (2004). Outcome evaluation of Washington States research-based programs for juvenile offenders. Barnoski, R., Aos, S. & Lieb, R. (2003). Recommended quality control standards: Washington State research- based juvenile offender programs. 17 of 17