1. Absolutism = complete and unrestricted control of a nation by a monarch (Divine Right- an idea that power of monarch is derived from God) no representative govt done as a means to keep ordervery strict prevalent in Europe in the 17 th century

2. Reason for Absolutism LeviathanThomas Hobbes Written in 1651. Said that: Ppl are harsh, violent & evil Ab rulers must keep order, control ppl and protect them from each other Control acheives through fear of -death -torture -loss of power/status

3. Age of Enlightenment16 th –18 th c. Major Ideas: Enlightenment was a major change in the way that ppl thought of how they should be governedinspired by discoveries made during the Sci. Rev. Ppl in power objected to new ideas, but ideas spread and revolutions began! Some would say that the Protestant Revolution was an Enlightened movement because it objected absolute power of the Catholic Church

4. ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS REVOLUTIONSwhen ideas were acted on Led to

5. Revolution A profound change in the way ppl think or act Can be applied to society, govt, economics etc. Often, revolutions are associated w/ a change in govt During 17 th c., the revolution was based on new ideas and discoveries

6. Age of Enlightenment = period where accepted ideas and beliefs were questioned and a thought revolution occurred. Age of Science (15001700) Ppl began to think and analyze scientifically Sci theories were questioned Led to new way of thinking about nature (Laws governed nature) Age of Reason (16001800) Ppl applied new way of thinking to humans Began to look for rational laws that governed humans Applied to govt, religion, economics…

7. Industrial Revolution 1700s- 1900s. Because of the scientific advancements, the industrial revolution occurred in Northwest Europe in the 1700s and later in the U.S. in the 1800s People moved from their agricultural societies to work on factories Caused a separation in social class based on positions in the factories and money earned (rich got richer and poor got poorer) New economic/political philosophies emerged to help correct social justice problems

8. What Philospohes were For Ppl should be equal No privileged classes Poor should not pay for lifestyle of the rich Ppl have natural rights (life, liberty, property) Govt should work for pplnot against them Ppl should be represented in govtvoting Reason (logic) in Govt

9. What Philosophes were Against Following tradition blindlyw/o any proof that it should be followed Ex: Power of monarchs/nobles Power of Church Lack of questioning of authority

10. John Locke English Wrote Two Treatise on Govt Right to rebel against bad rulers Natural Rights (life, liberty, property) Major Thinkers of the Enlightenment Baron de Montesquieu Jean Jacques Rousseau French Wrote On the Spirit of Laws System of checks & balances French/Swiss Wrote The Social Contract Govt was legitimate only if ppl consented to it All ppl are equal

11. Denis DiderotVoltaire French Used satire to criticize Freedom of speech, religion, the press French Edited Encyclopedia Power of intellectual community Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations 1.Laissez Faire- Capitalism 2.Free Trade: Self Interest, Competition, Supply and Demand Hume 1. Consent of the Governed 2. Humans are equal to their rulers 3. All must agree on law