1. HCI for on-line Learning Alan Dix Lancaster University www.hcibook.com/alan

2. what Ill talk about what is HCI – some issues and guidelines top down analysis of e-learning – from economics down

3. what is Human–Computer Interaction? not just the screen design! every aspect that affects the user

4. broader HCI issues stakeholders users model of systems task analysis organisation

5. Internet and CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work) value –lots of decision points marketing –what you say matters community

6. … but details matter too example – colours styles –cold north west - drab, low contrast –hot south east - bright, movement human eye –contrast not colour –distractions

7. good use of colour using conventions (red for alarms etc.) branding parts of an interface occasional emphasis redundant coding –i.e. in addition to other means e.g. web link colours - also underlined –for diagrams, etc.

8. bad use of colour over use - without very good reason (e.g. kids site) colour blindness poor use of contrast do adjust your set! –adjust your monitor to greys only –can you still read your screen?

9. four rules of navigation knowing where youve been –or what youve done knowing where you are knowing what you can do knowing where you are going –or what will happen

10. navigation and e-learning ? where you are going when you havent learnt it yet! history is complicated overviews and maps breaking rules for pedagogy suspense – dont say whats coming control – only progress when allowed

11. the golden rule of design understand your materials …, people, machines, learning models

12. physical things directness of effect –push and it moves locality of effect –here and now visibility of state –small number of relevant parameters

13. whats special about computers? complexity of effect –computation non locality of effect –in space – networks –in time – memory hidden state –large number of invisible variables

14. understanding the media time network delays, initialisation, layout time space screen size, fonts and spacing, precise location colour safe 216... interaction standard navigation ++

15. design of pages content rich heavy text v.s image rich CD ROM style or... the quick and the dead

16. interactions internet delay experiment –fast (1 s) and slow (5 s) delays –menu-based information system –perfomance: time & accuracy –post test questions

17. interactions internet delay experiment –fast (1 s) and slow (5 s) delays, menu-based information system, perfomance: time & accuracy, post test questions results –longer delays slower performance –longer delays better memory why?

18. interactions internet delay experiment –longer delays slower performance –longer delays better memory why? –reading during gaps – interstitial learning –high cost of failure – more concentration – more processing

19. education top down

20. what is the core business of an educational institution? Education teaching and learning e-learning Validated certificates e-exams, e-assessment ?

21. economics of education Professor Alans formula! Student–Staff Ratio Student Contact Hours = Class Size Staff Contact Hours

22. e-learning? Effective Class Size = Students per Cohort Nos. of Cohorts in Course Lifetime Preparation Hours per Delivery Hour (relative to normal delivery)

23. user interfaces development choice of content, design of materials management monitoring progress, marks, etc. the oldest IT systems in education! learning student and staff together

24. IT in learning? information communication –c.f. Ann Light simulation as tool –Note taking etc, e.g. classroom 2000 as actor (teacher, assistant) –Elisa, student models

25. information paper –narrative & sequential web –episodic & non-linear knowledge is non-linear … … but much of memory is (e.g. bus tours)

26. communication who: student–teacher, student–student how: public or private issues timeliness, notification, belonging efficiency? email vs. FAQ … process

27. communication think about dynamics process matters – email => FAQ … more efficient? – lost sense of community start-up – good when everyone uses it? – zero point value freshness – bulletin board or web pages – need constant change or notification

28. simulation faster than life economic models more accessible than life virtual landscapes more flexible than life physics and ARK biased and correlated coins

29. as tool – eClass Georgia Tech, Atlanta http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/c2000/

30. lecture using liveboard - electronic whiteboard

31. write on electronic slides

32. later … students replay slides, audio and video

33. eClass - lessons low intrusion (during lecture) no interpretation indexing (c.f. video)

34. as teacher early detection –e.g. spelling checking –N.B. no learning of bad habits low judgement