1. Rise of Communism in China
Communist Timeline

2. Rise of Nationalist Party 1911-1928
Sun Yat-sen
Father of Modern China – Led revolution ending Imperial Rule in China
Formed Republic of China (1912)
Death in 1925 – caused split between communist and nationalist for heir to rule.
Chang Kai-Shek
Leader of Nationalist following Sun’s death
Became overall leader of ROC in 1928

3. Nationalist vs. Communist 1920s & 1930s
Communist (Red Army) early success – 4 victories
Guerilla warfare tactics
Nationalist changed military tactics (strong hold)
5th military effort success
Communist changed tactic to positional warfare and could not match forces
lost battle and support of people

4. The Long March
Communist settled in S. Central China (Jianxi Province)
Chiang sent army to hunt down Red Army and kill all those who favored Communism
1934 Communist started year long journey
18 Mt. Ranges (6,000 miles)
8,000 lived out of 100,000
Yan’an final destination & headquarters
Postitives of March: Isolated, know land better, and went through villages gaining support
Mao Zedong emerges as leader of
Communist Party

5. Communist Take Over October 1, 1949
Japan takes control of Manchuria during WWII
Forced Nationalist & Communist to Unite
War ended in 1945
During and shortly after war, Communist carried out social reforms gaining support from peasants
1949 Nationalist and Chiang Kai-Shek defeated and fled to Taiwan
nationalist tired of fighting (8 years) and lost support of people
Mao forms People Republic of China

6. Great Leap Forward
Purpose – Make China an equal industrial nation to Western Powers in 15 years
How are they going to fulfill it?
Make people work day and night
Focus on making steel
Reasons it failed
Used the system of putting people into Communes
Collective communities whose members share work and products equally (5,000 households)
Motivation goes down
People were doing work they did not know how to do
Poor Technology

7. The Cultural Revolution May 1966 - 1969
Started by Mao
Purpose
Wants new ideas (His)
Cleanse the party
Losing power to rival leaders in the party following the failure of the Great Leap Forward
Destroy the “Four Olds”
Ideas, Thought, Customs, Habits
Mao created the “Red Guards”
Youth Militia that was encouraged to rebel against authority
Communes: unattached to parents and taught to worship Mao
Traveled around China for free and encouraged peasants to attack local officials

8. Death of Mao and New Leader September 9, 1976
Gang of Four (led by Mao’s Widow)
vs.
Deng Xiaoping
Gang of Four favored Cultural Revolution and Deng was against it
Most sided with Deng and he became leader
Tired of death and disorder

9. Four Modernizations 1978 – 1980s
Deng’s goal – to improve
1) agriculture 2)industry
3) science & technology 4) defense
Agriculture
Contract responsibility system replace communes
Farmers rent land and provide certain amounts at set prices and keep rest
1st 8 years – farmers income tripled

10. Four Modernizations 1978 – 1980s
Industrial Development
Change Focus from “heavy industry” to “light industry”
Production of small consumer goods
More decision power to factory managers with reward system for being more productive
4 Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s)
Along China’s east coast in the south
Attract foreign capital, companies, technology
Results
Coastal cities grew rich – Interior regions lay behind, more urban, economy quadrupled in size (way of life improved)

11. Tiananmen Square May 13 – June 4, 1989
“5th Modernization” – Political Freedom
100,000 people into Tiananmen Square to protest
Martial Law
Some demonstrators refused to leave
June 3rd
Rounded up leaders and killed them without trial
Troops opened fire without warning killing 2,000 people
Economic growth can only succeed if people kept “in line”