1. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Nepal Red Cross Society - NDRT WatSan Training OPERATIONAL CALCULATIONS

2. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculation Flocculent 1% Mother Solution What is a 1% mother solution?

3. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculent 1% Mother Solution (MS) 1% Mother Solution = Water has 1% Alum added

4. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculent 1% Mother Solution (MS) Alum MS 1% 100%

5. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculent 1% Mother Solution (MS) If we want to make 1 Litre of 1% Mother Solution How much Alum do we add? ?g Alum = 1% 1 litre Water

6. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculent 1% Mother Solution (MS) If 1 Litre of water = 1,000g or 1 kg and 1% = 0.01 ?g Alum = 0.01 1,000g Water same as 0.01 x 1,000g Water = ?g Alum 0.01 x 1,000g Water = 10g Alum

7. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculent 1% Mother Solution (MS) Alum MS 10g 1000g

8. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculent 1% Mother Solution (MS) So if we want to make 100 litres of Mother solution How much Alum do we add to the water? Remember we know how much Alum to add to 1 litre! So how much for 100 litres?

9. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Flocculent 1% Mother Solution (MS) Same calculation as before, but we multiply by 100. For 1 litre 0.01x 1,000g Water = (10g Alum) Then Multiply by 100 10g x 100 = 1000g 1000g = 1kg Alum

10. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorination Chlorine 1% Mother Solution How do we calculate 1% Chlorine mother solution?

11. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 1% Mother Solution (MS) Same Calculation as Flocculent Calculation but with 1 added step (simple dont be scared )

12. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 1% Mother Solution (MS) The Chlorine we use is not %100 Chlorine. Sometimes we use Chlorine Powder (Calcium Hypochlorite) sometimes 70% Strength, sometimes 50% Strength, sometimes 30% Strength, Chlorine Tablets = sometimes 30% Strength Liquid Chlorine (Sodium Hypochlorite) sometimes 10% Strength, sometimes 5% Strength,

13. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 1% Mother Solution (MS) So what Chlorine do you use? Simple! Check the side of the Container. This should tell you

14. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 1% Mother Solution (MS) Lets make 1 litre of Chlorine 1% Mother Solution In this example, lets use 30% Chlorine Powder Calculation same as before ?g Cl (30%) = 1% 1,000g Water

15. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 1% Mother Solution (MS) ?g Cl (30%) = 0.01 1000g Water Same as 0.01x 1000g Water = 10g Cl (30%) 1 Extra Step (remember we are using 30% Chlorine) 10g Cl = 33g Chlorine Powder 0.3

16. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 1% Mother Solution (MS) So if we want to make 30 litres of 1% Mother solution How much Chlorine do we add to the water? (Use 30% Chlorine Powder) Remember we know how much Chlorine to add to 1 litre! So how much for 30 litres?

17. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 1% Mother Solution (MS) For 1 litre 0.01x 1,000g Water = 10g Cl (30%) Remember the extra step for 30% Chlorine? 10g Cl = 33g Chlorine Powder 0.3 Then Multiply by 30 33g x 30 = 1000g = 1kg Chlorine

18. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 0.25% Mother Solution (MS) Now that we are experts So if we want to make 30 litres of 0.25% Mother solution Remember 1% = 0.01 so 0.25% = ?

19. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Vietnam Red Cross Society – DRT WatSan Training Chlorine 0.25% Mother Solution (MS) 0.25% =0.0025 0.0025x 1,000g Water = 2.5g Cl (30%) Remember the extra step for 30% Chlorine? 2.5g Cl = 8g Chlorine Powder 0.3 Then Multiply by 30 8g x 30 = 240g