1. 1 CAN WE TURN A PHONE IN TO A SATELLITE? Android Open 2011San Francisco,10th Oct. 2011

2. Why Phone Based Satellite? Status quo: Typical satellite costs: $500m Low Cost satellites: $10m But… All key capabilities of a satellite are in a phone A cell phone based satellite costs ~$5k in parts Launch for a 1U = $50-70k With a 100x reduction in cost, could there be a vast array of new potential applications? Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

3. Technology SatelliteSmartPhone Computer system Processor/ Memory/ Power system Battery/ Solar ArraysX Structure Strong frame/ ADCS Accelerometers/ Rate Gyros/ Magnetometers/ Sun sensor? GPS/ Reaction WheelsX MagnetorquersX Communications Radio/ Payload Camera/ Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

4. Phone (Nexus One) Core VHF/UHF Radio 144/440 MHz Likely Core Extra Battery Bank (12 x 18650 3.7V cells, 2800 mAh) Legend Monopole Antenna RBF and Deploy. Switches (Custom PCB) Spacecraft 1.0 Concept A With UHF radio & Hardware battery override & Watchdog/Lazerus Watchdog/ Lazerus (Arduino) Power Data PhoneSat 1: System Architecture

5. Phone software overview Android 2.1 Operating System Help from several Googlers on their 20% time: Image compression algorithm Serial data port Open Source Project (HW and SW) Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

6. Space Qualification Testing Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

7. Vacuum and Thermal Testing 10-3 torr -30° up to +40° Celsius 1 Gyroscope 1 Nexus One mobile phone 1 Motorola mobile phone 7/#

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9. Rocket Launches Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

10. Launches Rocket Mavericks Flight 1: 23 July, 2010 – 70 km Altitude Rocket (but did not reach altitude) – Our payload: Nexus One Flight 2: 24 July, 2010 – 10 km Altitude Rocket – Our Payload: 2 Nexus One, 1 IMU, Arduino, external Bluetooth Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

11. Launch 1: high altitude; fail Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

12. Launch 2: success Rocket Details: 10 m tall 500 kg Actual: -9 km -10 G (>1000 G on impact) Planned for: -70 km (18 sec burn) -12-15 G Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

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14. Balloon Launches Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

15. Next Steps Launch 3x PhoneSat 1.0 in December Taurus II --> 280x280km orbit Taurus II --> 280x280km orbit Duration 3 weeks Duration 3 weeks Launch Cost: $250k Launch Cost: $250k Launch 1x PhoneSat 2.0 in June 2012 Falcon 9/Dragon --> 450x300km orbit Falcon 9/Dragon --> 450x300km orbit Duration: 3-6 months Duration: 3-6 months Cost: free through ELaNa programme Cost: free through ELaNa programme Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

16. First Flight Requirements Minimalist requirements for first mission: 1. Send 1 image taken by the phone to ground 2. Parts cost shall not exceed $10,000 3. Work for >1 orbit 4. Send minimum health data from phone to ground 5. Schedule <3 months from ATP to flight readiness Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

17. PhoneSat 1.0

18. And, what if sats cost $10k? Heliophysics Missions to space test hardware Swarmed satellites Remote Sensing? Personal Satellites? … Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

19. Vision … Space as a software domain? Android Open 2011San Francisco, USA

20. Questions? 20 Have ideas? Contact: william.s.marshall@nasa.gov, christopher.r.boshuizen@nasa.gov, rhickman@google.com SW REPOSITORY https://github.com/cboshuizen/AXCS QUESTIONS? William.marshall@nasa.gov