1. Changing the unit of measurement
AP Statistics

2. Linear transformation
A linear transformation changes the original variable x into a new variable given by an equation of the form
Adding the constant a shifts all values of x upward or downward by the same amount
Multiplying by the positive constant b changes the size of the unit of measurement

3. Effect of a linear transformation
Multiplying each observation by a positive number b multiplies both measures of center (mean and median) and measures of spread (standard deviation and IQR) by b
Adding the same number a (either positive or negative) to each observation adds a to measures of center and to quartiles but does not change measures of spread

4. How much will the mean salary increase? The median salary?
Page A school system employs teachers at salaries between $30000 and $ The teacher’s union and the school board are negotiating the form of next year’s increase in the salary schedule. Suppose that every teacher is given a flat $1000 raise.
How much will the mean salary increase? The median salary?
The mean and the median will both increase by 1000
Will a flat $1000 raise increase the spread as measured by the distance between the quartiles?
No. Each Quartile will increase by 1000 therefore the difference will remain the same
Will a flat $1000 raise increase the spread as measured by the standard deviation of the salaries?
No, the standard deviation remains unchanged when the same amount is added to each data value

5. Page 56 #1.46 Suppose that the teachers in the previous exercise each receive a 5% raise. The amount of the raise will vary from $1500 to $3000, depending on present salary. Will a 5% raise across-the-board increase the spread of the distribution as measured by the distance between the quartiles? Do you think it will increase the standard deviation?
A 5% across-the –board raise will cause both the IQR and s to increase. The transformation being applied here is
, where x = the old salary and = the new salary. Both IQR and s will increase by a factor of 1.05