1. Central European Monarchs Clash
21.3
Prussian Siege of Kolberg Russia during the Seven Years War

2. Peace of Augsburg (1555) Breaks Down
Catholic, Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) allowed German Princes to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism, but not Calvinism
1618: Emperor Ferdinand II became king of Bohemia = Protestants in Prague began to Revolt

4. Thirty Years War
One of the most destructive wars in European History
Fought mainly in Germany
Began as a war of religion, but turned into a power struggle between all of Europe’s great powers.

5. Sides Hapsburg Side Opposing Side Holy Roman Emperor Austria Spain
Bavaria
Hungary
Bohemia
Netherlands
France
Sweden
England

6. Catholic General Wallenstein after his victory at

7. Hapsburgs Are Defeated
France & Sweden turn the tide against the Hapsburg Dynasty

8. Ukranian Cossaks

9. Results of the War Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Weakened Hapsburg Spain & Austria
Strengthened Bourbon France
Dutch finally free of Spain
Disbanded the Holy Roman Empire
Ended religious wars in Europe
Began era of Nation-States

10. Germany Lost 4 million People. Which slowed its Development
Population loss in Germany

12. Central Europe Differs from the West
Feudalism lasted longer in Germany, Austria, Poland, & Hungary
Wars created instability
Did not benefit from Commercial Revolution

13. Rise of Austria & Prussia
Became Dominant States of Central Europe
Austria
Ruled by Catholic Hapsburgs
Absolutist; conquered much of central Europe
German elite ruled over a diverse population
Prussia
Ruled by Lutheran Hohenzollerns
Came to dominate northern Germany
Strong Military Culture

17. Maria Theresa of Austria
Absolute Ruler of Austria: 1717 – 1780
Religious Catholic, cared for the poor, but not Civil Rights
Mother of Marie Antoinette

18. Frederick II “The Great” of Prussia
Made Prussia the 1st Welfare State & Military Power: 1712 – 1786
Enlightened Ruler
Atheist, Invented Public Ed., Social Reforms

21. First truly “Global” War British Empire & Prussia Vs
Seven Years War (1756 – 1763)
First truly “Global” War
British Empire & Prussia Vs
French Empire, Austria, Russia
(French & Indian War) Gave Britain dominance in North America
Britain gained sole economic rights in India

23. Results Britain Became Dominant Imperial Power
Dominance in North America & India
Prussia became dominant in Germany = set up for its unification later
France lost its Empire & entered period of trouble that would lead to Revolution