1. 2) Closed wound: Skin is intact (not opened) include crushing injury and contusions. Wounds A) Skin involvement: 1) Open wound: when the whole thickness of skin is opened (Laceration and Skin loss).

2. B) Etiology: 1) Abrasion(erosion) wound: caused by friction with rough surface, there is damage to skin consisting loss of epidermis and portions of dermis. There is little bleeding, painful, heals slowly. 2) Avulsion wound: there is complete separation of tissue caused by barbs.

3. 3) Incision wound: this type of wound is caused by sharp object characterized by smooth regular wound edges. 4) Laceration wound: caused by barbs characterized by irregular edges created by tearing of tissue.

4. 5) Puncture wound: caused by sharp pointed object most dangerous type of wound. 6) Penetrating wound: is a puncture wound caused by sharp pointed object which penetrate one of body cavities (Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic, or joint cavity).

5. These wounds we can Treated by: Arresting the hemorrhage. Arresting the hemorrhage. Removed the foreign bodies and hair from wound. Removed the foreign bodies and hair from wound. Cleaning the wound with sterilized water or normal isotonic solution. Cleaning the wound with sterilized water or normal isotonic solution. Applying an antiseptic lotion or antibiotic powder to the wound. Applying an antiseptic lotion or antibiotic powder to the wound.

6. Dressing wound with sterilized gauze or cotton-wool to prevent contamination. Dressing wound with sterilized gauze or cotton-wool to prevent contamination. Regulated the wound edges to be clean cut like incised wound. Regulated the wound edges to be clean cut like incised wound. Suturing the lips of the wound. Suturing the lips of the wound. Applying a protective pad and bandage. Applying a protective pad and bandage. Keeping the patient at rest. Keeping the patient at rest. Giving the antibiotics and nursing for three days. Giving the antibiotics and nursing for three days.

8. These wounds we can Treated by: Arrest of the circulation from the wound towards the heart. Arrest of the circulation from the wound towards the heart. Washing the wound and compressing it from the periphery towards the center to flush out the poison. Washing the wound and compressing it from the periphery towards the center to flush out the poison. Sucking the wound, which is without danger when the mucous membrane is intact. Sucking the wound, which is without danger when the mucous membrane is intact. 7) Poisoned wounds: Caused by chemical or organic toxins such as mineral, venom, or vegetable toxin. 8) Pathogenic wounds: Caused by some virus, bacteria, …..etc. such as rabies, anthrax and tuberculosis.

9. Cauterization of the wound with one of the mineral acids or better by the hot iron. Cauterization of the wound with one of the mineral acids or better by the hot iron. Irrigation of the wound with liquids which neutralize. Irrigation of the wound with liquids which neutralize. Administration of Antiseptics, Antidote or Antibiotics. Administration of Antiseptics, Antidote or Antibiotics. 9) Ulcerating wounds: is superficial wound involving molecular destruction of tissue with cannot healing caused by repeated irritation, infection prevent healing or malignant tumors.

10. 10) Burns wounds: caused by thermal, scalding, friction, and freeze burns. These causes are resulting simply forms of skin necrosis. Burns are described by extent percentage of body surface and depth of tissue damage (first, second, and third degree).

11. 11) Contused wounds: it is thick zone of dead tissue, there is no breach in the surface of the overlying skin, included three degree: A) Contusions of the first degree: characterized by rupture of capillary vessels in the skin and subcutaneous tissues and the formation of ecchymoeses. Treatment: These are benign affections which undergo resolution, like all slight inflammatory conditions, without any risk of complication. They may be treated with cold and astringent applications to arrest capillary hemorrhage, this lead to quick recovery.

12. B) Contusions of the second degree: characterized by rupture of large vessels and production of a hematoma. Treatment:  The case is recent, treatment comprises: Cold water irrigation. Cold water irrigation. Astringent applications. Astringent applications. Compression with a pad and bandage at effected part. Compression with a pad and bandage at effected part.

13.  In the long standing case, treatment comprises: Incising the swelling at a dependent part. Incising the swelling at a dependent part. Evacuating its contents. Evacuating its contents. Treating its lining with an irritant antiseptic solution. Treating its lining with an irritant antiseptic solution. The severe hemorrhage should be early opening of hematoma before the ruptured vessels are thrombosed it must be arrested by plugging the cavity. The severe hemorrhage should be early opening of hematoma before the ruptured vessels are thrombosed it must be arrested by plugging the cavity. Prognosis:it is undergo inflammation, granulation, and cicatrisation, and thus remove the cavity. Prognosis:it is undergo inflammation, granulation, and cicatrisation, and thus remove the cavity.

15. C) Contusions of the third degree: there is big destruction of tissue, which may undergo gangrene. Treatment: The moist warm antiseptic applications are due to restore the circulation in the tissue damaged to prevent gangrene. The moist warm antiseptic applications are due to restore the circulation in the tissue damaged to prevent gangrene. The antiseptic is added to counteract infection that may enter through abrasions on the skin. The antiseptic is added to counteract infection that may enter through abrasions on the skin. If the patient suffers from shock the usual treatment for this condition. If the patient suffers from shock the usual treatment for this condition.

16. A) Clean wound: is type of wound that’s surgical created (under aseptic conditions). It has minimal contamination, it can be effectively removed. B) Contaminated wound: when a wound had occurred since 6-12 hours is called contaminated wound. It divided into three classes:  Contaminated class I: there is little bacterial proliferation. C) Degree of contamination:

17.  Contaminated class II: there is large bacterial proliferation, but bacteria still in lag phase can’t invade tissue.  Contaminated class III: it called infected wound, is the wound that had occurred since more than 12 hours characterized by presence of necrotic tissue or suppuration, sometimes accompanied by systemic reaction (fever, anorexia, …. etc.)