1. Procedure Design Considerations
Narrator
BEIJING, CHINA; 30 JUN-11 JUL 2014

2. Learning Objectives
By the end of this presentation you should understand:
Procedure design considerations including:
Path Terminators
Waypoint Types
Factors affecting turn radius

3. Conceptual Design: What Next?

4. Procedure Design Considerations RNAV Path Types

5. Why PBN

6. Waypoints
PBN Route Using Waypoints

7. Path Terminators Path Terminator A A C C D D F F H I I M R R T V
Constant DME arc A C A D F I M R
Altitude
Distance
DME distance
Next leg
Manual termination
Radial termination
Fix
Course to C
Direct Track D
Course from a fix to F
Holding pattern H
Initial I
Constant radius R
Track between T
Heading to V

8. Path Terminators Track to Fix - TF Direct to Fix - DF
Course to Fix - CF
Fix to Altitude - FA
Course to Altitude - CA
Heading to Altitude - VA
Radius to Fix - RF
Fix to Manual Termination – FM/VM

9. Track to Fix B
TF Leg A

10. Direct to Fix
Unspecified position
Direct
DF Leg A

11. Course to Fix
080 A
CF Leg

12. Fix to Altitude A
Unspecified
Position
8000'
FA Leg
080

13. Course to Altitude
Unspecified Position
CA Leg
090

14. Heading to Altitude
Unspecified Position
VA Leg
090
8000'

15. Radius to Fix
RF Leg C B
Next A
Segment
Arc
Centre
Previous
Segment

16. Fix to Manual Termination
110°
VM Leg
Radar
Vectors A
FM Leg
120

17. Track Distances Between TurnsYa Yb a b
Legdist
Fly-by WP ra
r b Ya a
Legdist
Fly-by WP
Fly-over WP ra a
Legdist
Fly-over WP
ra1 Yb b
Fly-by WP a
Legdist
Fly-over WP
Fly-over WP
ra1

18. Impact of Turn Performance
Fly-By vs Fly-Over
Fly-Over
Fly-By

19. Impact of Turn Performance
Fly-By
DTA
DTA
MinimumSegment Length= DTA1+DTA2
X-y2/(-9/43z)
Q2*t95-(43r/2)
Q2*t95-(43r/2)
J<>(t%w +(12#d-p4))

20. Impact of Turn Performance Speed Affects Turn RadiusB

21. Impact of Turn Performance Bank Angle Affects Turn Radius

22. Impact of Turn Performance
Fly-By B A

23. Impact of Turn PerformanceB A

24. Impact of Turn PerformanceB A

25. Impact of Turn Performance
Turn Start Point ->
Turn Start Point ->

26. Impact of Turn PerformanceB

27. Impact of Turn PerformanceB

28. Impact of Turn PerformanceB

29. Impact of Turn Angle

30. Impact of Turn Angle B A

31. Impact of Turn Angle B A

32. Impact of Turn Angle B A

33. Impact of Turn Angle

34. Impact of Turn Performance
RF Turns
Radius
Fix
All aircraft fly assigned radius

35. ATC Design Considerations
Turns of more than 90 degrees may result in significant track variation.
Turns of 60 to 90 degrees create more manageable track variations.
Turns of 60 or less result in little track variation.
RF turns result in little track variation.

36. Impact of Turn Performance Controlling Angles & Speed

37. Speed and Altitude Constraints
Speed constraints allow tighter turns and can assist ATC function.
Altitude constraints can provide separation from obstacles and other aircraft.

38. Procedure Design Considerations RNAV Approach Types { RNAV (GNSS) vs RNAV(RNP) }

39. PBN ICAO State Letter SP 65/4-13/24 Proposes amendments to:
PANS-OPS, Volume I
PAN-OPS Volume II
Annex 4
Annex 6, Parts I, II and III
Annex 14, Volume II
Annex 15
PANS-ABC
Applicable on 13 November 2014

40. RNAV (GNSS) Approaches
T Bar
Y Bar
IAF
With RF*
IAF
IAF o 70 o
IAF 90 IF
IAF
IF/IAF RF
FAF
FAF 45 o
FAF
IAF
MA pt
MA pt
MA pt
*PANS-OPS
13 NOV 2014

41. RNAV (RNP) Approaches
RNP-AR RF
FAF
IAF
MA pt

42. RNAV (GNSS and RNP) RNAV(GNSS) is an RNP approach
RNAV(RNP) is an RNP-AR approach
Letters in parenthesis are not said in clearance
RNAV(GNSS) RWY22 and RNAV(RNP)RWY22 are both cleared as RNAV RWY22 approach.

43. RNAV (GNSS and RNP) State Letter SP 65/4-13/24 effective 13 NOV 2014
A one-step eight-year transition period, starting 13 November 2014, is being proposed to allow States sufficient time to develop a transition plan and to convert the existing RNAV approach procedures to RNP by 2022.
ICAO will issue a new circular (Circ 336 — Circular on Conversion of RNAV to RNP Approach Chart Depiction)
From 1 December 2022:
charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP APCH navigation specification criteria shall include the term RNP in the identification (e.g. RNP RWY 23).
charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP AR APCH navigation specification shall include the term RNP in the identification with a parenthetical suffix (AR). (e.g. RNP RWY 23 (AR)).

44. Reminder Steps so far!
What is the Intended Purpose – as per Airspace Concept
Which Operators and Aircraft Types – as per traffic sample (assumptions)
What is the Navaid Coverage – as per infrastructure assumptions
What are the Environment Constraints – determined by Airspace Design Team
What other Constraints, incl. obstacles?
Design the Procedure

45. Thank You