1. MUSCLES FOR LECTURE

2. Muscle Types Smooth: spindle shaped Cardiac: cylindrical shaped
no striations
involuntary
Cardiac: cylindrical shaped
striated
involuntary (only responds to direct electrical stimulation)
Skeletal: elongated
voluntary

3. MOTION TERMS
FLEXION: reduces the angle of the joint from the anatomical position. Flex elbow
EXTENSION: movement that returns you to anatomical position. Extend elbow.
All these terms refer to either a body part or a joint. Can flex elbow or flex joint.
HYPEREXTENSION: extension beyond anatomical position; wrist, neck.
Some terms relate only to certain areas, such as the ankle:
DORSIFLEXTION: lift up toes
PLANTARFLEXION: move toes down
INVERSION: when sole of foot points inward
EVERSION: sole of foot points outward.
ABDUCTION: move body part away from midline; arm, fingers, thumb
ADDUCTION: bring back to midline; arms, fingers, thumb

4. MOTION TERMS
ROTATION: pivot on an axis; shake head “no”; can rotate head and shoulder
CIRCUMDUCTION: to draw a circle with body part; shoulder, head
PRONATION (to lie prone is on stomach). Turn hands downward.
SUPINATION: refers to arms; want a bowl of soup, supinate
PROTRACTION: to move anteriorily; shoulders, mandible
RETRACTION: to move part posteriorly; shoulders
ELEVATION: to raise part superiorly; shoulders
DEPRESSION: to lower part; open mouth.

5. Muscle Terms Prime mover Synergist (helps prime mover)
Antagonist (does opposite of prime mover)
Fixator (holds bone in place so prime mover can move a body part better)

6. SURFACE LANDMARKS THYROID CARTILAGE (Adam’s apple)
JUGULAR NOTCH: ridge between two clavicles above manubrium
COSTAL MARGIN: edge of ribcage
UMBILICUS (NAVAL): belly button
INGUINAL REGION: the crease between abdomen and thigh; ant sup iliac spine pubic symphusis
GLUTEAL CLEFT (NATAL CLEFT): butt crack
PERINEUM: between genitals and anus

7. Trapezius, Latissmus dorsi, Teres major and minor, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus1 4 5 3b 3a 2

8. Subscapularis, Coracobrachialis
Seen on the anterior portion of the scapula 1 2

9. Pectoralis Major and Minor2 1

10. Deltoid 1

11. Triceps brachii, Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis1 2 3 4

12. Muscles that Define the Axilla
Anterior: Pectoralis major
Posterior: Latissimus dorsi and Teres major
Base:
Lymph nodes
Axillary artery
Brachial plexus

13. Rhomboids
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi

14. Serratus anterior
Rectus abdominus
External oblique
Internal oblique

15. Pronator teres, Flexor retinaculum1 2

16. Flexor Retinaculum Not a muscle
It is a band-like fibrous fascia over the wrist that covers the flexor tendons and keeps them from bow-stringing up.
If there is inflammation from over-use (flexion), the swelling will pinch the median nerve and cause pain in the hand
This is called Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

17. Extensor carpi radialis (longus, brevis), Ext carpi ulnaris, Ext digitorum, Ext policis longus1 3 2 4

18. Flex carpi ulnaris, Palmaris longus, Flex carpi radialis, Flex digitorum superficialis, Flex policis longus 3 2 1 5 4

19. Flexor digitorum profundus1

20. Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius2
Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius 1

21. Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, piriformis2 3 1

22. Gluteus Maximus
When sitting and going to a standing position, this is the primary muscle responsible for straightening the hip

23. Hip Flexors
When one foot is on the ground, these muscles contract to lift the opposite foot off the ground

24. Psoas major, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius1 2 3

25. Quadriceps femoris: Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medius, Vastus intermedius1 2 3

26. Vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medius

27. Pectineus, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis1 2 4 3

28. Scarpa’s Triangle

29. Muscles of the Femoral Triangle “Scarpa’s Triangle
Superior: Inguinal ligament
Inferior (2): Sartorius and Adductor Longus
Contents:
Femoral artery/vein
Femoral nerve
Lymph nodes

30. Scarpa’s Triangle contents

31. Scarpa’s Triangle on a prosthetic device: Make sure no pressure is on this area!

32. Biceps femoris, Semimembranosis, Semitendonosis1 3 2

33. Notice the prominences of the marked muscles: devices can rub there!

36. Gastrocnemius, Plantaris2
Gastrocnemius, Plantaris 1

37. Soleus, Popliteus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus Peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis 2 1 6 4 5 3

38. Tibialis anterior, Ext hallucis longus, Ext digitorum longus, Peroneus tertius1 3 2 4