1. HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview Global HIV/AIDS and Women: Current Challenges and Opportunities Briefing, Rayburn House Office Building Jen Kates, PhD September 9, 2014 Vice President; Director, Global Health & HIV Policy Kaiser Family Foundation jkates@kff.org http://globalhealth.kff.org

2. Figure 1 Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic

3. Figure 2 *Of people living with HIV. SOURCES: UNAIDS, Gap Report; 2014. Snapshot of the Global Epidemic

4. Figure 3 Leading role Global Impact of HIV on Women Major role, but not leading 100% 82% Half of all people (ages 15+) living with HIV are women (more than 16 million); 80% of them live in sub-Saharan Africa Every day, more than 2,400 women are newly infected with HIV Young women in sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely as young men to be living with HIV and account for 1 in 4 new HIV infections in the region 57% of women in sub-Saharan Africa are not yet on ART Most women are infected through heterosexual transmission

5. Figure 4 NOTE: Among adults, ages 15 and older. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation, based on UNAIDS, Gap Report; 2014. Women as Share of People Living with HIV Globally and by Region, 2013

6. Figure 5 Domestic HIV/AIDS Epidemic

7. Figure 6 *Of those who are aware of their infection. NOTE: Data are estimates. SOURCES: CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report; Vol. 18, No. 5; October 2013. CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report; Vol. 17, No. 4; December 2012. CDC, HIV Surveillance Report, Vol. 23; February 2013; CDC, Fact Sheet – HIV in the United States: The Stages of Care; July 2012. Snapshot of the U.S. HIV/AIDS Epidemic U.S. Accounts for 4% of All People Living with HIV, Globally

8. Figure 7 Leading role Impact of HIV on Women in the U.S. Major role, but not leading 100% 82% Women represent 1 in 4 people living with HIV in the U.S. One in five new HIV infections in the U.S. is among women; 22% of these are young women, ages 13-24 Black women account for almost two-thirds of new HIV infections among women 64% of women with HIV in the U.S. are not yet on ART Most women are infected through heterosexual transmission

9. Figure 8 SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of data from CDC. Women as Share of People Living with HIV in the U.S. Overall & by State, 2010

10. Figure 9 NOTE: Data are estimates for adults/adolescents aged 13 and older and do not include U.S. dependent areas. Estimates shown only for whites, Blacks, and Latinos. SOURCE: CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report, Vol. 17, No. 4; December 2012. Rates of New HIV Infections per 100,000, by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, United States, 2010

11. Figure 10 What Puts Women at Risk for HIV?

12. Figure 11 Leading role Women and HIV: Key Challenges & Vulnerabilities Major role, but not leading 100% 82% Lack of awareness of HIV status and/or partner’s HIV status Biological risk, especially for young women Barriers in accessing HIV prevention, treatment and care services, as well as other reproductive/sexual health services Lack of services and resources for adolescent girls Gender-based violence Criminalization of sex work Lack of say in health decisions Age-disparate relationships (older partners more likely to be HIV positive) Access to education, employment opportunities, financial resources Support as caregivers of others with HIV

13. Figure 12 Looking Ahead: Opportunities and Optimism

14. HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview Thank you! Jen Kates September 9, 2014 Kaiser Family Foundation http://kff.org/global-health-policy/