1. THE FORMATION OF WESTERN EUROPE REVIEW

2. A style of architecture that evolved in medieval Europe in the early 1100s.
Gothic
Part I: Q/A

3. The region called Palestine where Jesus lived and preached.
Holy Land

4. The practice of selling positions in the Church.
simony

5. The long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain.
Reconquista

6. The English king who was left to lead the Third Crusade and regain the Holy Land.
Richard the Lion- Hearted

7. A court held by the Church to suppress heresy, or the practice of religious beliefs that differed from those of the Church.
Inquisition

8. The pope who called for “holy war” in 1093.
Urban II

9. Another term for “holy war” to take control of Holy Land.
Crusade

10. A pilgrimage by children who set out to conquer Jerusalem with the belief that God supported their efforts.
Children’s Crusade

11. Muslim leader who allowed Christians to freely visit the Holy Land after reaching a truce with the English king in 1192.
Saladin

12. Part II: Fill in the blank
A scholar in the 1200s named __________ said that logic could prove many religious truths.
Thomas Aquinas
Part II: Fill in the blank

13. In many European countries, your _________ could also label your profession.
surname

14. The expansion of trade and business as agriculture was expanding is called the __________.
Commercial Revolution

15. Scholars who met together at universities were known as schoolmen, or __________.
scholastics

16. In the 1100s, poets began to use the everyday languages of their homeland, or the __________.
vernacular

17. __________ were documents given by a bank to an individual allowing that person to withdraw an amount of money from the bank or one of its branches.
Letters of credit

18. The __________ allowing villages to grow more food by organizing land into three fields instead of two.
Three-field system

19. Merchants and craftspeople who lived in the towns and who demanded privileges such as freedom from tolls and the right to govern their town were called ___________.
burghers

20. A day worker, known as __________, had to complete several steps in order to become a master in his craft.
journeyman

21. The first __________ was a group of merchants who worked to improve the economic and social conditions of its members.
guild

22. A legislative assembly made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
parliament
Part III: Q/A

23. The English king who introduced the use of juries to the English judicial system.
Henry II

24. An assembly made up of the First, Second, and Third Estates.
Estates-General

25. Anglo-Saxon ruler who was defeated by the Normans at the Battle of Hastings.
Harold Godwinson

26. The duke of Normandy who defeated the Anglo- Saxons to conquer England.
William the Conqueror

27. French duke who began a dynasty of French kings that ruled France from 987 to 1328
Hugh Carpet

28. A document that guaranteed basic political rights and limited the English king’s powers.
Magna Carta

29. A unified body of law that became the basis for law in many English- speaking countries.
Common law

30. Danish king that conquered England and molded the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into one people.
Canute

31. Capetian king who greatly expanded the French kingdom’s lands.
Philip II

32. Part IV: Multiple Choice
Joan of Arc
A) is remembered as a heroic English hero. B) at age 17 led French troops to victory over England. C) was burned at the stake at the orders of Charles. D) escaped from Church officials and returned to Aachen a hero.
Part IV: Multiple Choice

33. What was the major cause of the Great Schism?
the morality of the Crusades
arguments about whether Jesus or the pope was the head of the Church
ethics and wealth within the Church
arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope

34. Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe?
Invaders
Traders
French soldiers
Crusaders

35. What was the chief goal of the Crusades?
to force the Byzantines to become Catholics.
to improve trade among Europe, Asia, and Africa.
to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks.
spread Christianity throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa.

36. Which of the following was the central issue of the Hundred Years’ War?
the throne of France
the throne of England
the location of the pope’s home
the religion of the French people

37. What forces brought an end to the Age of Chivalry
What forces brought an end to the Age of Chivalry? (consider the effects of the Hundred Years’ War and the effects of trade)
Essay questions

38. What were some of the most important effects of the bubonic plague in Europe? (consider people’s attitudes and families, economic effects, and effects on the Church)
Essay questions

39. How did the Crusades and the Great Schism change the balance of power in medieval Europe? (consider effects of the Crusades, the conclusion of the Fourth Crusade, King Phillip IV and the selection of bishops)
Essay questions

40. How did English government change during the late Middle Ages, and what caused those changes? (consider the impact of royal judges and juries, the impact of the Magna Carta, and the impact of wars against the French)
Essay questions