2. Structure and Properties of Matter
Georgia High School Graduation Test: Science Review

3. What is an atom?
the smallest particle of an ________ that has the ___________ of that element
element = a substance that cannot be ____________ by ordinary chemical means to a smaller substance
building block of matter
Atoms are made of:
___________ (__)
___________ (__________)
Most of the mass is concentrated in the _______ (location of ________ & ___________)

4. Atomic Structure Nucleus Electron Cloud ___________________________
where most of the _____ of the atom is concentrated
__________________
Electron Cloud
the space ____________________ in which electrons move rapidly
_________________
divided into ___________________
____________________________________________________

5. Atomic Structure atomic number = number of _________
Silver has ____ protons
atomic mass = number of _______ + ________
Silver has ____ neutrons
valence electrons = electrons in the ___________________

6. Atomic Structure
Looking at the periodic table, answer the following questions:
What element does this atom represent?
How many valence electrons does this atom have?
How many neutrons does this element have according to the periodic table?

7. Isotopes
atoms of the same element having different numbers of ____________
identified with different _____________
mass number on the periodic table _________ the mass of all known isotopes
isotopes have the same ____________ _________________

8. Solutions
solution = _________________ of two or more substances that are evenly distributed
examples: Coca-Cola, air, sea water, Kool-aid
made of solute and solvent
solute = ____________________________
example: _______________________________
solvent = ___________________________
example: ____________________________________

9. Phases of Matter STATE OF MATTER SHAPE VOLUME PARTICLE DESCRIPTION
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

10. Phase Changes of Water

11. Types of Chemical Reactions
Combination/Synthesis Reactions
Two or more substances ________ to form a single substance.
A + B  AB
CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2
Yield Sign
Reactants
Product

12. Types of Chemical Reactions
Decomposition Reactions
A single compound is ______________ into two or more products.
AB  A + B
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
Yield Sign
Products
Reactant

13. Types of Chemical Reactions
Single Replacement Reaction
One element ____________ a second element in a compound.
A + BC  AC + B
Mg + Zn(NO3)2  Mg(NO3)2 + Zn

14. Types of Chemical Reactions
Double Replacement Reactions
Two compounds swap what they are bonded with.
AB + CD  AD + CB
K2CO3 + BaCl2  2KCl + BaCO3

15. Balanced Chemical Equations
Balanced chemical equations follow the law of________________________.
Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass: matter/mass can not be
-_______________________,
- _______________
The amount of matter after a change must be the __________________of matter that was present before the change.

16. Balanced Chemical Equations
Fe + O2  Fe2O3
Balanced? Yes ___ No ___
P + O2  P4O10
Balanced? Yes ___ No ___
Reactants
Products Fe O
Reactants
Products P O

17. Balanced Chemical Equations
Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
Balanced? Yes ___ No ___
2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2
Balanced? Yes ___ No ___
Reactants
Products Zn H Cl
Reactants
Products Na H O

18. Balanced Chemical Equations
Ca + Mg(OH)2  Mg + Ca(OH)2
Balanced? Yes ___ No ___
Reactants
Products Ca Mg O H

19. pH Scale The pH scale measures how ________ or _____ a substance is.
The pH scale ranges from___________.
A pH of ___ is ___________.
A pH _____ than _____________.
A pH _________ than ____________.