1. Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes Susan F. Hornbuckle Associate Professor of Chemistry Clayton State University

2. Reactions Flow Chart What are the reaction conditions? H2/ Pt, Pd, or Ni Reduction Conditions Break the H-H bond. Break one of the C=O bonds. Form a bond between the alpha-carbon and one H. Form a bond between the O and the other H to form an ALCOHOL. H2SO4 + 2 alcohols Acetal Formation Break the O-H bond of one alcohol. Break one of the C=O bonds. Form a bond between the carbonyl carbon and the O of the alcohol. Form a bond between the H and the O of the carbonyl to form a HEMIACETAL. Break the O-H bond of the other alcohol. Break the C-O bond between the alpha-carbon and the O of the O-H of the hemiacetal. Form a bond between the H (from the alcohol) and the O- H (from the hemiacetal) to form H2O. Form a bond between the O (from the alcohol) and the alpha-carbon to form an ACETAL. K2Cr2O 7 / H2SO4 Oxidation Conditions Is the starting an aldehyde or ketone? Aldehyde Insert an oxygen atom in the C-H bond of the carbonyl to form a CARBOXYLIC ACID. Ketone NO RXN.

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