1. Lab 25
Model Building Lab

2. Draw the structural formula for propane

3. Hydrocarbon Prefixes:
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Hydrocarbon prefixes
meth C
eth C-C
prop C-C-C
but C-C-C-C
Pent C-C-C-C-C
hex C-C-C-C-C-C
hept C-C-C-C-C-C-C
oct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
non C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
dec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

4. Now build the molecule with the molecular modeling set.
Prop- = 3
Propane H H H H C C C H H H H
Now build the molecule with the molecular modeling set.

5. Eth- = 2
Ethene H H C H C H

6. Ethene C H C H H H

7. Ethene H H C C H H

8. Ethene (Matches the model set)

9. Isomers Butane (carbon skeleton) 2-methylpropane
Isomer: Same molecular formula.
Different structural formula.
Butane (carbon skeleton) C C C C
Shorten chain by 1 carbon and add a branch. C C C C
IUPAC name:
2-methylpropane

10. Isomers Pentane (carbon skeleton) 2-methylbutane 2,2-dimethylpropane
Isomer: Same molecular formula.
Different structural formula.
Pentane (carbon skeleton) C C C C C C
Shorten chain by 1 carbon and add a branch. C C C C C C C C C
2-methylbutane
2,2-dimethylpropane

11. Isomers of Octane Octane C C C C C C C C 2-methyl heptane C C C C C C
Methyl group
3-methyl
heptane C C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

12. Isomers of Octane 4-methyl heptane C C C C C C C C Methyl group 1 2 35 6 7 C C C C C C C C
Methyl group

13. Isomers of Octane 2,2-dimethyl hexane C C C C C C C C 3,4-dimethyl1 2 3 4 5 6 C
methyl
3,4-dimethyl
hexane
methyl C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 6 C
methyl

14. Isomers of Octane 2,4-dimethyl hexane C C C C C C C C 2,5-dimethyl1 2 3 4 5 6 C
methyl
2,5-dimethyl
hexane
methyl C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 6 C
methyl

15. Isomers of Octane 3,3-dimethyl hexane C C C C C C C C 3,4-dimethyl1 2 3 4 5 6 C
methyl
3,4-dimethyl
hexane
methyl C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 6 C
methyl

16. Isomers of Octane
3-ethyl
hexane C
ethyl C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 6

17. Isomers of Octane 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane C C C C C C C C1 2 3 4 5 C
methyl
methyl
2,2,4-trimethyl
pentane
methyl C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 C
methyl

18. Isomers of Octane 2,3,3-trimethyl pentane C C C C C C C C1 2 3 4 5 C
methyl
methyl
methyl
2,3,4-trimethyl
pentane
methyl C C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5

19. Isomers of Octane C 3-ethyl -2-methyl pentane C C C C C C C C 3-ethyl
Groups are named alphabetically
methyl C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 C
3-ethyl
-3-methyl
pentane
ethyl C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 C
methyl

20. Isomers of Octane 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl butane C C C C C C C C methyl1 2 3 4 C C
methyl
methyl