1. THE CORDS OF UNION BROKEN PART 1
THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR
1848 TO 1861 1

2. KEY EVENTS ON THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR
SLAVERY & THE ADMISSION OF CALIFORNIA 1850
THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
PUBLICATION OF UNCLE TOM’S CABIN 1852
THE DEATH OF THE WHIGS 1852
BIRTH OF REPUBLICANS 1854

3. MORE... ADOPTION OF THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT 1854
VIOLENCE IN KANSAS 1856
THE DRED SCOTT DECISION 1857
LINCOLN V. DOUGLAS SENATE RACE 1858

4. MORE… THE LINCOLN DOUGLAS DEBATES 1858 THE FREEPORT DOCTRINE 1858
JOHN BROWN’S RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY 1859
THE ELECTION OF LINCOLN 1860

5. ATTEMPTS TO RESOLVE CONFLICT
THE KEY QUESTION WAS EXTENSION OF SLAVERY INTO THE TERRITORIES.
NORTHERN POPULATION GIVES CONTROL OF HOUSE
BALANCE IN THE SENATE GIVES SOUTH A VETO 2

6. THE ISSUE IS REVIVED BY THE MEXICAN WAR
MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820 (36, 30) ONLY APPLIES TO LA. PURCHASE.
MEXICAN WAR- WILMOT PROVISO RE-OPENS THE ISSUE
WILMOT PROVISO BLOCKED IN THE SENATE.

7. POSITIONS ON THE SLAVERY QUESTION
MODERATES: GRADUAL EMMANCIPATION WITH COMPENSATION & COLONIZATION.
FREE SOILERS: “NO EXTENSION OF SLAVE, BUT LEAVE IT ALONE WHERE IT EXISTS.” 3

8. MORE...
CALHOUN EXTREME VOICE OF SOUTH SLAVES ARE PROPERTY NOTHING MORE. 5TH AMENDMENT
WILLIAM SEWARD IMMEDIATE ABOLITION ON MORAL GROUNDS. “HIGHER LAW”

9. A NEW APPROACH “POPULAR SOVEREIGNITY”
LEWIS CASS & STEPHEN DOUGLAS “POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.”
ALLOW PEOPLE OF TERRITORIES TO VOTE AT TIME OF ADMISSION TO THE UNION.
WHY IS THIS AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION?

10. THE ELECTION OF 1848 THE LIBERTY PARTY COMMITTED TO FREE SOIL POSITION
NOMINATE VAN BUREN.
DEMOCRAT LEWIS CASS WHO FAVORS POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.

11. MORE... WHIGS ZAC TAYLOR A SLAVE HOLDER.
WHIGS & TAYLOR WIN 163 TO 127 (BY 140,000 POP VOTES)
LIBERTY PARTY INFLUENCES THE ELECTION DIVERTS VOTES FROM CASS.

12. THE CRISIS OF CALIFORNIA OF 1850
CALIFORNIA SEEKS TO ENTER AS A FREE STATE
NO SLAVE TERRITORY READY TO BALANCE THE SENATE.
SOUTH BLOCKS ADMISSIONS. 5

13. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 CLAY’S LAST COMPROMISE THE TERMS:
CALIF ENTERS AS FREE STATE
NEW MEXICO ORGANIZED WITH POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.
BAN SLAVE TRADE IN D.C.
NEW FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

14. DEBATE IN CONGRESS KEY FIGURES: CLAY, WEBSTER, & CALHOUN
CALHOUN SPEAKS FOR THE SOUTH- “THE CORDS OF UNION ARE BREAKING ONE AT A TIME…”
DANIEL WEBSTER’S “MARCH 7TH SPEECH.” 6

15. THE COMPROMISE PASSES BUT...
PRESIDENT TAYLOR PLANS TO VETO THE COMPROMISE.
BUT DIES SUDDENLY. WAS HE POISONED?
MILLARD FILMORE BECOMES PRESIDENT SIGNS.

16. WHO GOT THE BETTER END OF THE DEAL?
THE NORTH OR THE SOUTH?
WILL THE COMPROMISE WORK AS WELL AS THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820?

17. A NEW ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
MANY BELIEVE THE COMPROMISE WOULD END THE CONFLICT.
BUT IT CONTAINED THE SEEDS OF ITS OWN DESTRUCTION.
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

18. TERMS OF THE ACT NO STATUE OF LIMITATIONS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ALL THAT WAS NECESSARY .NO COURT HEARING
COMMISSIONER PAID $10 TO RETURN THE FUGITIVE.
PAID ONLY $5 IF THEY RULED FOR THE FUGITIVE.

19. MORE… ALL PERSONS REQUIRED TO ASSIST IN CAPTURE OF FUGITIVE SLAVES.
THERE IS NO LONGER A NEUTRAL POSITION ON SLAVERY.
SOME NORTHERN STATES ADOPT PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS.
STATE CRIME TO OBEY THE FEDERAL LAW.

20. ELECTION OF 1852 WHIGS RUN WINFIELD SCOTT
DEMOCRATS RUN FRANKLIN PIERCE.
“WE POLKED THEM IN 44 WE’LL PIERCE THEM IN 52”
BOTH PARTIES SUPPORT THE COMROMISE.

21. THE NORTH SOUTH SPLIT DESTROYS THE WHIG PARTY.
CONSCIENCE WHIGS V COTTON WHIGS
DEMOCRATS ARE THE ONLY NATIONAL PARTY
LESS PRESSURE TO COMPROMISE.

22. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE PUBLISHES UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
WORK OF FICTION.
MISS STOWE HAD LIMITED FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE OF SLAVERY
MADE A YANKEE THE KEY VILLIAN
CONVERTED MILLIONS TO ABOLITIONISM

23. THE OSTEND MANIFESTO 1854
IF SPAIN WILL NOT SELL CUBA WE SHOULD SIMPLY TAKE IT.
PIERCE WANTS CUBA AS A SLAVE STATE TO BALANCE SENATE.
ANTI-SLAVE FORCES DENOUNCE THE OSTEND MANIFESTO.
PIERCE BACKS DOWN.

24. THE KANSAS- NEBRASKA ACT 1854 -STEPHEN DOUGLAS.
CALL FOR TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD.
KEY QUESTION IS THE ROUTE.
STEPHEN DOUGLAS WANTS A CENTRAL ROUTE.
WANTS TO WIN SOUTHERN SUPPORT FOR HIS PRESIDENTIAL BID.

25. TERM OF THE KANSAS- NEBRASKA ACT
REPEAL THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE.
USE POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IN KANSAS AND NEBRASKA.
ASSUMED KANSAS WOULD BE SLAVE & NEBRASKA WOULD ENTER FREE.
DOUGLAS GETS THE BILL PASSED.

26. KANSAS BECOMES FIRST TEST OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.
NEW ENGLAND EMIGRANT AID SOCIETY
“BEECHER’S BIBLES.” A SHARPES RIFLE
“MISSOURI BORDER RUFFIANS”
THE BURNING OF LAWRENCE, KANSAS MAY 21, 1856
POTTAWATOMIE CREEK MASSACRE MAY 24TH

27. BULLY BROOKS MAY 23RD.
CHARLES SUMNER - “THE RAPE OF KANSAS.” INSULTS SNEATOR BUTLER.
PRESTON BROOKS CONGRESSMAN
ATTACKS SUMNER WITH A CANE.
NEARLY BEATS SUMNER TO DEATH.

28. RISE OF THE REPULICAN PARTY 1854
A FREE SOIL PARTY
BORN TO FIGHT TWIN EVILS OF THE SPREAD OF SLAVERY
AND, POLYGAMY.
STARTED BY DEBATE OF KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT.

29. THE ELECTION OF 1856 DEMOCRATS NOMINATE JAMES BUCHANAN OF PA.
REPUBLICANS JOHN C. FREMONT
“KNOW NOTHINGS M. FILLMORE.
BUCHANAN WINS MOST SECTIONAL ELECTION TO DATE. 174 T0 114

30. DRED SCOTT DECISION 1857 DRED SCOTT V SANDFORD 1857
CHIEF JUSTICE ROGER B. TANEY
BLACKS CANNOT BE CITIZENS
SCOTT HAS NO RIGHT TO SUE
MISSOURI COMPROMISE IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

31. MORE… ALL U.S. TERRITORY IS OPEN TO SLAVERY.
NO COMPROMISE INVOLVING FREE & SLAVE TERRITORY IS POSSIBLE.
SOUTH LOVES THE RULING
ABOLITIONISTS ARE OUTRAGED.
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IS DEAD.

32. LINCON-DOUGLAS DEBATES 1858
LINCOLN CHALLENGES DOUGLAS TO DEBATE. DOUGLAS REFUSES.
THERE ARE 7 DEBATES.
TOPIC THE DRED SCOTT DECISION & POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.
LINCOLN-”A HOUSE DIVIDED CANNOT STAND….”

33. THE FREEPORT DOCTRINE
GIVEN THE DRED SCOTT RULING, HOW CAN A STATE PREVENT SLAVERY?
DOUGLAS’S DILEMMA: IF HE DOES NOT ANSWER HE WILL BE HURT IN THE SENATE ELECTION.
IF HE DOES ANSWER HE WILL BE HURT IN THE SOUTH.

34. DOUGLAS STATES THE “FREEPORT DOCTRINE”
IF STATES DO NOT ADOPT SLAVE CODES SLAVERY CANNOT SURVIVE.
DOUGLAS WINS THE ELECTION
BUT LINCOLN BECOMES NATIONALLY KNOWN
A POSSIBLE CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT IN 1860.

35. JOHN BROWN & HARPER’S FERRY OCT.15, 1859
PLANS TO START A SLAVE REVOLT.
HARPER’S FERRY, VA. SITE OF FEDERAL ARSENAL.
FREDERICK DOUGLASS WARNS AGAINST THE RAID.
BROWN IS CAPTURED CHARGED WITH TREASON AGAINST VIRGINIA.

36. BROWN BECOMES A MARTYR SOUTH REJOICES AT BROWN’S DEATH
NORTH MOURNS HIS DEATH.
SOUTH FEELS MORE ALIENATED THAN EVER.
THE REPUBLICAN PARTY RENOUNCES BROWN’S ACTIONS.

37. THE ELECTION OF 1860 DEMOCRATS MEET IN CHARLESTON, SO. CAROLINA
SPLIT AND FAIL TO NOMINATE A CANDIDATE.
2ND CONVENTION IN BALTIMORE NOMINATES STEPHEN DOUGLAS NORTHERN DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE.

38. MORE… SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS MEET NOMINATE JOHN BRECKINRIDGE
REPUBLICANS MEET IN CHICAGO “THE WIGWAM” CONVENTION
TWO CONTENDERS ARE WILLIAM SEWARD OF NY. & LINCOLN FROM ILL.

39. MORE… SEWARD IS HURT BY HIS “HIGHER LAW” REMARKS.
LINCOLN WINS THE NOMINATION.
SOUTH FEARS LINCOLN BECAUSE OF THE “HOUSE DIVIDED SPEECH.”

40. THE CONSTITUTIONAL UNION PARTY FORMS
WANTS TO IGNORE THE SLAVERY ISSUE
COMMITTED SOLELY TO MAINTAINING THE UNION.
NOMINATES JOHN BELL OF TENN.

41. VOTERS IN 1860 HAVE FOUR CHOICES
DOUGLAS NORTHERN DEMOCRAT
BRECKINRIDGE SOUTHERN DEMOCRAT
LINCOLN REPUBLICAN (A SECTIONAL CANDIDATE)
JOHN BELL CONSTITUTIONAL UNION
LINCOLN IS NOT EVEN LISTED ON THE BALLOT IN THE SOUTH.

42. LINCOLN WINS WITH 39% OF THE POPULAR VOTE
WINS ALL NORTHERN STATES EXCEPT NEW JERSEY.
SOUTHERN VIEW A SECTIONAL PARTY WON.
SOUTH ONLY REPRESENTS ONE THIRD OF THE WHITE MALE POPULATION.
SOUTH FEELS ISOLATED POWERLESS.

43. THE SECESSION CRISIS LINCOLN WILL NOT BE SWORN IN UNTIL MARCH 1861
SO. CAROLINA LEADS THE WAY
VOTES SECESSION DEC. 20TH, 1860
OTHER SOUTHERN STATES THREATEN TO FOLLOW

44. A LAST COMPROMISE DEC. 1860
JOHN CRITTENDEN OF KENTUCKY PROPOSES A COMPROMISE
A SERIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
HOPES TO PREVENT SECESSION.

45. TERMS OF COMPROMISE RESTORE 36, 30 & EXTEND IT TO THE PACIFIC
UNAMENDABLE AMENDMENT PROTECTING SLAVERY WHERE IT EXISTS.

46. SPECIAL COMMITTEES WERE FORMED TO CONSIDER THE PLAN.
SENATE COMMITTEE OF 13
HOUSE COMMITTEE OF 33
IT WOULD REQUIRE A MAJORITY VOTE OF BOTH PARTIES TO RECOMMEND THE COMPROMISE
TO PASS AN AMENDMENT TAKES 2/3RD VOTE OF BOTH HOUSE AND 3/4TH OF STATES

47. THE REPUBLICANS VOTE NO
PLAN VIOLATES THE PARTY PLATFORM
LINCOLN OPPOSES THE PLAN
THE SENATE COMMITTEE OF 13 REJECTS THE PLAN
THE LAST COMPROMISE DIES

48. MORE STATES SECEDE
BY FEBRUARY 1861 SEVEN STATES HAVE ANNOUNCED SECESSION
THEY HAVE FORMED THE CONFEDERATED STATES OF AMERICA
PRESIDENT BUCHANAN DOES NOTHING.

49. THE EDGE OF WAR

50. WHAT CAUSE THE SOUTH TO SECEDE?
MAKE A LIST OF CAUSES AND EVENTS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE SECESSION CRISIS.