1. CD in NL - Matra Croatia1 Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen HAN University Department Cultural Social Work University of applied sciences Drs. Hay van der Sterren 2009

2. CD in NL - Matra Croatia2 HAN University of Applied Sciences In 2 towns in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border In 2 towns in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border 27.000 students and 2.500 staff members 27.000 students and 2.500 staff members Domains: a. o. Social Studies, Education, Law, Commerce, Communication, Economics, Engineering, Built Environment, ICT and Communication, Health, Nursing and Sports and Movement Domains: a. o. Social Studies, Education, Law, Commerce, Communication, Economics, Engineering, Built Environment, ICT and Communication, Health, Nursing and Sports and Movement 60 Bachelor programmes and 15 Masters courses 60 Bachelor programmes and 15 Masters courses

3. CD in NL - Matra Croatia3 Faculty of Health and Social Studies Institute of Social Studies Six departments:  Social Educational Care  Social Work and Social Services  Arts Therapy  Pedagogics  Applied Psychology  Cultural Social Work (400 students, 25 staff members) (400 students, 25 staff members)

4. CD in NL - Matra Croatia4 4 Domains of Cultural Social Work Adult Education Adult Education Arts & Culture (Cultural Education) Arts & Culture (Cultural Education) Leisure and Sport Leisure and Sport (Leisure-/sportpedagogy) Socio-cultural Work / Socio-cultural Work / Community Development Work (Dutch: „Op-bouw-werk“) (Dutch: „Op-bouw-werk“)

5. CD in NL - Matra Croatia5 Competences of Cultural Social Work Competence based learning Competence based learning Educational modules and competence assessments in three segments: Educational modules and competence assessments in three segments: 1.Working with clients and with target groups 2.Working in a professional organisation 3.Professionalisation: the (further-) development of the own professional knowledge and skills and the (further-) development of the profession

6. CD in NL - Matra Croatia6 Modules: Professional tasks Designing, organising and supervising activities, projects, programmes Designing, organising and supervising activities, projects, programmes Designing, organising and realising large-scale activities Designing, organising and realising large-scale activities Supporting of groups and organisations Supporting of groups and organisations Mediating between individuals or groups and organisations Mediating between individuals or groups and organisations Managing and supervising employees and work placement students: colleagues, departments, teams, students, volunteers. Managing and supervising employees and work placement students: colleagues, departments, teams, students, volunteers. Quality improvement and policy development Quality improvement and policy development Research and Innovation Research and Innovation

7. CD in NL - Matra Croatia7 Creative media / means Games & Sports Games & Sports Audiovisuals Audiovisuals Fine Arts / Arts & Crafts Fine Arts / Arts & Crafts Drama / Theatre Drama / Theatre Dance & Movement Dance & Movement Music Music Specific feature of our school: Students learn how to use these creative media / means in their work.

8. CD in NL - Matra Croatia8 Bachelor Curriculum of 4 years Major-Minor structure Major-Minor structure –Major: Cultural Social Work (210 EC) –Minor: Free choice e.g.: Working with youth at risk, Cultural education, Starting your own bussiness, Health and Sports in Neighbourhoods, etc. (30 EC) Third year: Work placement for the whole year Third year: Work placement for the whole year Fourth year: Minorprogramme (Specialisation) and Research & Innovation Fourth year: Minorprogramme (Specialisation) and Research & Innovation (Sept. 2009: HAN started Master Social Work)

9. CD in NL - Matra Croatia9 Community Development Work in the Netherlands An introduction Drs. Hay van der Sterren 2009

10. CD in NL - Matra Croatia10 History of CD in NL Second World War – 1960s CD as a social effort to support the economic construction (Marshall Plan) and to improve social living conditions CD as a social effort to support the economic construction (Marshall Plan) and to improve social living conditions Ministry of Social Work was formed Ministry of Social Work was formed CD was funded by national government and detached itself from social work (with focus on case work) CD was funded by national government and detached itself from social work (with focus on case work) CD on local, regional and provincial scale CD on local, regional and provincial scale Schools for Social Work (Social Academies) Schools for Social Work (Social Academies)

11. CD in NL - Matra Croatia11 1970s Large-scale urban renewal program to deal with situations in deprived neighbourhoods; emphasis on improving physical environment Large-scale urban renewal program to deal with situations in deprived neighbourhoods; emphasis on improving physical environment Countless neighbourhood organisations supported by CD workers with own offices provided by the town council Countless neighbourhood organisations supported by CD workers with own offices provided by the town council CD workers had an independent position and supported and organised ‘opposition’ to the authorities CD workers had an independent position and supported and organised ‘opposition’ to the authorities

12. CD in NL - Matra Croatia12 1980s National programme of improving Problem Accumulation Areas (conducted by several ministries) National programme of improving Problem Accumulation Areas (conducted by several ministries) Early 1980s decentralisation: CD work depended now on political views of local authorities Early 1980s decentralisation: CD work depended now on political views of local authorities Severe cuts in social welfare and in CD, (also) due to economic crisis and more market-oriented society Severe cuts in social welfare and in CD, (also) due to economic crisis and more market-oriented society

13. CD in NL - Matra Croatia13 1990s Better economic prospects (?) Better economic prospects (?) Social Renewal Programmes; more emphasis on social revitalization Social Renewal Programmes; more emphasis on social revitalization Major Cities Policy; joint agenda of national government and major cities: reducing unemployment, improving housing and social climate Major Cities Policy; joint agenda of national government and major cities: reducing unemployment, improving housing and social climate Since 80s: change of residential composition: 50% migrants in many urban districts Since 80s: change of residential composition: 50% migrants in many urban districts

14. CD in NL - Matra Croatia14 What is Community (Development) Work? Professional and independent support to groups Professional and independent support to groups Identifies, together with local people or residents, community problems ànd community resources Identifies, together with local people or residents, community problems ànd community resources Increases the empowerment of local people Increases the empowerment of local people Turns its attention primarily to people struggling with social deprivation and exclusion Turns its attention primarily to people struggling with social deprivation and exclusion Contributes to the development of civil society and democracy Contributes to the development of civil society and democracy

15. CD in NL - Matra Croatia15 Contributes to an active and sustainable community based on mutual respect and social justice Contributes to an active and sustainable community based on mutual respect and social justice Challenges power structures which hinder participation of people in the issues that effect their lives Challenges power structures which hinder participation of people in the issues that effect their lives Contributes to the socio-cultural development of the neighbourhood by local people themselves Contributes to the socio-cultural development of the neighbourhood by local people themselves

16. CD in NL - Matra Croatia16 Community development work Community development work is a range of practices: to increase the strength and sustainability of community life to increase the strength and sustainability of community life to improve local conditions (phys. – soc.) to improve local conditions (phys. – soc.) to enable people to praticipate in public life and decision-making and to achieve greater long-term control over their circumstances (empowerment). to enable people to praticipate in public life and decision-making and to achieve greater long-term control over their circumstances (empowerment).

17. CD in NL - Matra Croatia17 Main goal of community development The main goal of community development is collectivily to bring about social change and justice by working with communities to: identify their needs and capacities, rights and responsebilities identify their needs and capacities, rights and responsebilities plan, organise and take action (methods) plan, organise and take action (methods) evaluate the effectiviness and impact of the action (‘reflection in/on action’). evaluate the effectiviness and impact of the action (‘reflection in/on action’).

18. CD in NL - Matra Croatia18 Community (development) workers Community (development) workers support individuals, groups and organisations in the process of community development. The support of the community workers is -professional (specific competences) -based on certain values and commitment (self- determination, social justice, participation, etc.) determination, social justice, participation, etc.) -more or less independent (‘3rd party’; but solidarity with the most vulnerable groups). solidarity with the most vulnerable groups). CD workers in NL: professional standards or code.

19. CD in NL - Matra Croatia19 Social workers in CD-sector in NL Community workers Community workers Neighbourhood workers Neighbourhood workers (Community) Youth workers (Community) Youth workers Social-cultural workers Social-cultural workers Neighbourhood Sport workers Neighbourhood Sport workers District managers/co-ordinators District managers/co-ordinators.................... CD-workers: “Agent of change” Roles of a CD-worker: activator, facilitator, broker, intermediary, trainer, consultant, networker, etc.

20. CD in NL - Matra Croatia20 Present situation of CD in NL Revaluation of CD as an intervention to improve livability and social cohesion Revaluation of CD as an intervention to improve livability and social cohesion Necessity to invest in bricks and mortar, but certainly in people Necessity to invest in bricks and mortar, but certainly in people Focus mainly on lower income, vulnerable groups and vulnerable areas Focus mainly on lower income, vulnerable groups and vulnerable areas Focus on minorities (10 %) and youth Focus on minorities (10 %) and youth Focus on safety, rules and values Focus on safety, rules and values

21. CD in NL - Matra Croatia21 Mainly in cities, in deprived urban areas Mainly in cities, in deprived urban areas Also in rural context, in villages Also in rural context, in villages CD is an instrument in local social policy and funded by local authorities, municipalities CD is an instrument in local social policy and funded by local authorities, municipalities Additional: CD is funded by several Ministries in extra projects (national urban policy) Additional: CD is funded by several Ministries in extra projects (national urban policy) New: Ministry of Housing, Communities and Integration: from problem district to ‘show’ district New: Ministry of Housing, Communities and Integration: from problem district to ‘show’ district

22. CD in NL - Matra Croatia22 Current issues of cw in NL Livability / Social climate, environment / Communication Livability / Social climate, environment / Communication Social exclusion / Isolation Social exclusion / Isolation Crime, vandalism, drug abuse, inconvenience, unsafety Crime, vandalism, drug abuse, inconvenience, unsafety Inter-ethnic group tensions Inter-ethnic group tensions Housing / Physical environment Housing / Physical environment Upbringing and Education Upbringing and Education Infrastructure / Traffic Infrastructure / Traffic Labour / Local economy Labour / Local economy Income / Benefits / Poverty Income / Benefits / Poverty Leisure and recreation facilities Leisure and recreation facilities Health Health Discrimination, racism, sexism Discrimination, racism, sexism

23. CD in NL - Matra Croatia23 A few trends in (methods of) CD in NL Demand oriented: active citizens formulate their needs Demand oriented: active citizens formulate their needs Result oriented: concrete results in a short(er) term, accountability Result oriented: concrete results in a short(er) term, accountability Focus on talents and capacities of people instead of needs and problems Focus on talents and capacities of people instead of needs and problems Own responsibility of citizens (producers) Own responsibility of citizens (producers) More individual approach (as a first step of the method) and personal communication More individual approach (as a first step of the method) and personal communication

24. CD in NL - Matra Croatia24 Twin-track approach: setting boundaries (more control and compulsion) and offering oppertunities Twin-track approach: setting boundaries (more control and compulsion) and offering oppertunities Working on a small scale: street-approach, door to door Working on a small scale: street-approach, door to door Integrated approach, together with other services and (social) professionals Integrated approach, together with other services and (social) professionals Alliances with housing associations, local authorities, police, business sector etc. Alliances with housing associations, local authorities, police, business sector etc. Distinction (tasks of) professionals is vague Distinction (tasks of) professionals is vague

25. CD in NL - Matra Croatia25 Examples of CD methods - practice People Make the City – Rotterdam People Make the City – Rotterdam Street-approach, ‘street-citizenship’, ‘street- etiquette’ ABCD – Nijmegen ABCD – Nijmegen Talent oriented, assest in own neighbourhood The Deventer Neighbourhood Approach – Deventer The Deventer Neighbourhood Approach – Deventer Participation in decision making, (non-formal ) district teams, district aldermen