1. Jabones/tensioactivos/detergentes/soap
Quimica Organica
Jabones/tensioactivos/detergentes/soap
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2. Recordemos Acidos carboxilicos
Estructura de Lewis del acido formico
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3. Propiedades fisicas de acidos carboxilicos
Acidos carboxilicos son polares:
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4. Propiedades fisicas de acidos carboxilicos
Carboxylic acids pueden formar puentes hidrogeno:
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5. Propiedades físicas de los ácidos carboxilicos
Carboxylic acids also interact with water molecules by hydrogen bonding through both the carboxyl oxygen and the hydroxyl group.
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6. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols
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7. Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
Acidity
Los acidos carboxilicos son levemente ionizados en soluciones acuosas y por tanto clasificados como acidos debiles (weak acids)
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8. Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
All carboxylic acids, whether soluble or insoluble in water, react quantitatively with NaOH, KOH, and other strong bases to form salts
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9. Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids also react with weaker bases such as sodium bicarbonate to form salts
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10. Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids solo reaccionan con bases debiles como el bicarbonato de sodio para formar sales
Baking powder: una mezcla de bicarbonato de sodio con tartrato acido de potasio. Cuando se añade agua, la parte acida de la sal del tartrato reacciona , y se libera dioxido de carbono.

11. Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
Otro ejemplo: cuando se mezcla bicarbonato de sodio con suero de leche, el cual contiene ácido lactico:
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12. Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
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Nomenclature
Esters
El grupo alquil o aril unido al oxigeno es el que se nombra segundo para los españoles (The alkyl or aryl group attached to the oxygen is named first).
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Nomenclature
Esters
The alkyl or aryl group attached to the oxygen is named first.
Etilo
Acido acético
Acetato de etilo
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Nomenclature
Another ester
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Nomenclature
Another ester
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Nomenclature
Another ester
isopropil
Ácido benzoico
Benzoato de isopropilo
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Practice Problems
Name the following esters:
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19. Physical Properties of Esters
Esters are polar compounds.
Most esters are insoluble in water.
Esters are soluble in polar organic solvents such as diethyl ether and acetone.
Methyl acetate
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Reacciones de esteres
Hidrolisis
Los Esteres son normalmente no-reactivos con agua.
Sin embargo, en presencia de acidos (aq. HCl or H2SO4) o bases (NaOH or KOH), pueden hidrolizarse
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21. Hidrólisis Catalizada por ácidos
El reverso de la esterificación de Fischer:
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22. Base-Promoted Hidrolisis promovida por bases
Esta reacció es usada para la obtencion de jabones
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23. Mechanism of Saponification
Step One – Nucleophilic addition of hydroxide anion:
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24. Mechanism of Saponification
Step One – Nucleophilic addition of hydroxide anion:
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25. Mechanism of Saponification
Step Two – Elimination of alkoxide anion:
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26. Mechanism of Saponification
Step Two – Elimination of alkoxide anion:
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27. Mechanism of Saponification
Step Three – Proton reorganization (acid–base reaction):
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28. Mechanism of Saponification
Step Three – Proton reorganization (acid–base reaction):
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Ejemplo Problema
Complete the following reaction:
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Ejemplo Problema
Complete the following reaction:
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Sample Problem
Complete the following reaction:
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Sample Problem
Complete the following reaction:
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Sample Problem
Complete the following reaction:
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Soaps/ Jabones
Sodium stearate/ estereato de Na:
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35. Soaps/ Jabones a partir de grasa

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Soap
A soap micelle:
Hidrofobica
Hidrofilica
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Soap
A soap micelle:
Mancha grasa
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42. LAS

44. Algunas propiedades de los tensioactivos son:

46. Clasificación de los detergentes (tensioactivos):

48. Ejemplo de formacion de un detergente anionico
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49. Ejemplo de formacion de un detergente anionico
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
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50. Detergentes anionicos
Alkyl benzene sulfonate detergents (ABS)
Non-biodegradable
hydrophilic
hydrophobic

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