1. The Protestant Revolt of the Netherlands
Netherlands vs. Spain
And Phillip II

2. Abdication of Charles V HRE
CV stepped down in 1556 after the Peace of Augsburg
Relinquished all titles, including HRE, King of Spain, the 17 provinces of the Netherlands and the Free County of Burgundy

3. Ferdinand I, brother of CV
CV left Austria, Bohemia and Hungary to his brother Ferdinand I
Subsequently Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor

5. Phillip II, son of CV
Inherited Spain, 17 provinces of the Netherlands, and Free County of Burgundy
Reigned from

7. The Ambition of Phillip II
Phillip was first and foremost a Catholic
His Palace, the Escorial was built in the shape of a grill in honor of St. Lawrence who had been martyred in that fashion.
He took it upon himself to head up a Catholic counter offensive to the Protestant Reformation
Spain could fund such an attack with the riches from the new world; Potosi, Peru.

8. Thoughtful Question
Why did the Netherlands revolt against Phillip II and not his father Phillip II?
Charles V was from Flanders, which is in the region of the Netherlands-he was one of them.
Phillip was thought of as a foreign King, a Spaniard who lived in Spain.
After 1560 Spanish officials and troops were seen more frequently in the Netherlands
Also after 1560 many Calvinists fled to the Netherlands to escape the religious wars in France.

9. Political and religious revolt
The revolt began n 1566 when 200 nobles of the various 17 provinces founded a league to check the “foreign” influence in the Netherlands.
The league consisted of both Catholics AND Calvinists-they asked Phillip not to send the inquisition to the Netherlands
Phillips agents refused the petition

11. Revolt begins 1566 With the petition denied a mass revolt broke out
The Calvinist faction destroyed some 400 Catholic Churches
Many of the Nobles that had signed the original petition were disgusted with the violence

12. Council of Troubles (blood)
Phillip II, appalled by sacrilege sent in the inquisition, Spanish troops and the Duke of Alva
Alva’s Council sentenced thousands to death, confiscated Nobles estates-both Catholic and Calvinist
Duke of Alva

13. By 1576, representatives of all 17 provinces formed a union to drive out the Spanish
What error did the Spanish make that led to this Netherland wide revolt?
Do you think the English will get involved? If so, why?

14. Yes, England did get involved
English feared the Spanish movement into the Netherlands-”the pistol pointed at the heart of England”
England’s involvement was evolutionary

16. Elizabeth I
QEI had lent money to the Netherlands from the very beginning-but secretly
She did not want to provoke war with Spain
QEI had problems at home and she was not event sure if her own subjects would support her
Duke of Norfolk
Mary, Queen of Scots
The security of Elizabethan Protestant England rested on the outcome of the fighting in the Netherlands

17. The Prince of Parma
IN 1578 Alexander Farnese, the Prince of Parma became the Spanish General of the Netherlands
Rallied the southern 10 provinces to his side
The 7 northern provinces, led by Holland, formed the Union of Utrecht in 1579

19. Spain to Antwerp
When Parma moved his troops onto Antwerp, QEI openly entered the war
Spain now believed that the Netherlands could only be subdued by defeating England
The Queen of the “heretics” must be dethroned
Phillip II prepared to invade England

20. Spanish Armada 1588
As Phillip prepared to invade the English Parliament called for the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots
The Spanish Armada was unsuccessful
English led by Sir Francis Drake
The Protestant wind

21. Results of the Struggle
English assured their national independence
They became more solidly Protestant
With the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the English were more free to take to the sea
17 provinces officially broken into Spanish Netherlands and the Dutch Netherlands (Holland)

22. French Wars of Religion
France had remained a predominantly catholic Country of a population of 16 million, 1.2 million were Calvinist
Conflict between Huguenots and Catholics
Religion + politics (Nobles chose Calvinism to separate from King)
Henry II died in tournament

23. French Civil war cont.
Henry’s teenage sons (Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III) dominated by Catherine de’ Medici
Open warfare between Catholics and Huguenots broke out in 1562.
The Guise family led the catholic cause
The Bourbon family led the Hueguenots

24. St. Bartholomew day massacre
August 24,1572
Catherine ordered the massacre of the Huguenots
Henry of Navarre 1589
“Paris is worth a Mass”
Edict of Nantes 1598

25. 30 years war 1618-1648 Origin of the Conflict
Peace of Augsburg brought temporary truce in the religious conflict in the German States-only included Lutherans and Catholics, not Calvinists

26. Bohemian Phase 1618-1625 Ferdinand II of Styria Calvinist revolt
Defenestration of Prague
Frederick V Elector of Palantine
Battle of white mountain
Frederick V the winter KIng

27. Danish Phase 1625-1629 Christian IV Protestant ruler of Denmark
Albert of Wallenstein
Edict of Restitution 1629

28. Swedish period
Gustavus Adolphus
Treaty of Prague 1635

29. French Period
Cardinal Richilieu

30. Peace of Westphalia 1648
Sweden, Prussia and France all gained territory
Formally recognized the independence of the Dutch republic
Added calvinism to Peace of augsburg

31. Treaty of Pyrenees 1659
Ended fighting between France and Spain