1. Experimental Evaluation of an Informational and Behavior Change Program to Increase Undergraduate Students’ Energy Conservation Marcie Desrochers, Hilary Mosher, Jonathan Agins, Sandeep Mitra, K. B. Lakshmanan The College at Brockport--SUNY

2. Why does energy use occur? Unnecessary energy use Energy conservation behaviors Reinforcers/ rewards Easier to immediately turn on computer or gaming station; Immediate use when computer or gaming station is left on Statements by self or others that energy was conserved or savings accrued PunishersSlightly higher monthly electric bill – very delayed and not tied directly to energy use for computer or gaming station Takes time to turn off computer completely or gaming station; Must wait for computer or gaming station to turn on completely for use

3. How can energy conservation be fostered? Unnecessary energy use Energy conservation behaviors Reinforcers/ rewards  Statements by self or others that energy was conserved or savings accrued; Immediate information about savings PunishersHigher monthly electric bill – immediate and tied directly to energy use for computer or gaming station; - Make it more difficult to immediately turn on computer or gaming station; 

4. Antecedents -> Desired -> Consequences Behavior Goals Prompts/cues Role Models Benefits vs. costs Immediate vs. delayed Informational feedback Knowledge Attend to behavior Evaluate behavior A Behavioral Analysis

5. Antecedents -> Desired -> Consequences Behavior Self-Management Behaviors Behavioral Contract

6. Example: Behavioral Contract 1. Goal: 2. Steps to change the environment to promote your behavior: 3. Monitoring your behavior: 4. Rewards for your behavior: 5. Steps to maintain commitment : 6. How will you evaluate effectiveness of program? Signature:Date: Cosigner:Date:

7. Example of a Behavioral Contract Goal: Laptop should be unplugged at least 6x per week for at least 12 hours per week. Steps to change the environment to promote the behavior: I will use a sticky note on my door (to be changed every night) to remind me before I leave home. How will you monitor your behavior: Record duration turned off on graph. Consequences for the desired behavior: I will buy my favorite coffee when I make a week with 12 hours unplugged Consequences for the undesired behavior: If I forget to turn off, I will have to turn off for at least 1 hour when I get home.

8. 3 Post- Treatment Assessments Control Condition 4 Week Follow-up 44 Participants randomly assigned to condition Experimental Condition * Experimental Procedure 2 Baseline Assessments “How many time per day did you completely turn off and unplug your computer?”

9. Desrochers, M.N., Mosher, H., Meehan, G. (2012). Self- management of pro-environmental behavior. In preparation. Results * t test between conditions for follow up t(42) = 2.13, p < 0.05 *

10. Results

11. Problems with Self-Reports Subjective Delayed – 24 hours CMS dependent (administered on ANGEL)

12. PUMP (Power Usage Monitoring Program) PUMP Imitates the functionality of a Wattmeter by recording the energy use of multiple devices simultaneously. Provides an option to give the user feedback every time a device is powered down. Data is saved in a central database, making it effortless to run studies on massive sets of data.

13. PUMP (Power Usage Monitoring Program) PUMP runs on every mobile platform, making dispersion both inexpensive and easy. Every session of PUMP lasts exactly three days and has the option to lock users out of specific functionalities, making it an effective measuring tool for gathering data.

14. Current Research Concurrent Validation of PUMP

15. Procedure Recruiting participants Giving instructions Does app usage time & watt-o-meter time agree? app Watt meter Correlation Questionnaire Correlation

16. Preliminary Results

17. ... is possible... requires planning... can be beneficial Summary: Behavior Change....

18. Acknowledgements Student researchers Faculty Institutional support