1. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 1 Analyze the political cartoon

2. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 2 Section 3: The First National Government Objectives: What were the powers of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? How did limits on its power weaken the national government under the Articles? How did the states continue to struggle with unity after independence?

3. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 3 Section 3: The First National Government Objectives: How did Shays Rebellion highlight the need for a stronger national government?

4. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 4 Section 3: The First National Government Powers of the national government under the Articles of Confederation: to declare war to conduct foreign policy to borrow money to settle disputes between states to manage relations between American Indians

5. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 5 Section 3: The First National Government Powers of the national government under the Articles of Confederation: Basically, the Articles of Confederation gave Congress the authority to run the affairs of the new nation. The Articles of Confederation had to be ratified by all 13 colonies.

6. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 6 Section 3: The First National Government Weaknesses of the national government under the Articles: no officials to carry out Congresss laws no authority to enforce Congresss laws no power to tax (made it difficult to raise an army) no national currency

7. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 7 Section 3: The First National Government Weaknesses of the national government under the Articles: no power to regulate foreign or domestic trade no national court system amendments easily blocked by one state

8. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 8 Section 3: The First National Government Weaknesses of the national government under the Articles: Basically, the national government was very weak.

9. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 9 Section 3: The First National Government Later, a meeting in Annapolis, Maryland paved the way for another meeting in Philadelphia, which became the convention in which they wrote a new constitution; the Annapolis Convention, in that way, was very helpful.

10. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 10 Section 3: The First National Government Obstacles to the states unity after independence: cultural differences (religious and ways of life – 48 percent came from England, but others came from Germany, France, and Sweden.)

11. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 11 Section 3: The First National Government Obstacles to the states unity after independence: economic differences – slavery was the main issue. The South depended on slave labor for its economy while states like New York gained its wealth from finance and trade.

12. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 12 Section 3: The First National Government Obstacles to the states unity after independence: geographic isolation – the size of the new nation made it difficult to form ties between the states.

13. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government 13 Section 3: The First National Government How Shayss Rebellion proved the need for a stronger national government: by showing governments inability to maintain peace and order by illustrating governments inability to protect and promote the public good

14. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government Additional information (guaranteed test info) The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set procedures for granting statehood to territories within this region (see map on page 32). This was important because it served as a model for admitting new states. 14

15. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government Additional information (guaranteed test info) The Articles of Confederation did not give government the power to regulate trade between states. All amendments to the Articles of Confederation required the approval of all 13 states. Because of this, efforts to strengthen Congresss power often failed. 15

16. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Origins of U.S. Government Additional information (guaranteed test info) Government powers under the Articles were limited because colonial leaders feared that a strong national government would threaten the states and the people. Shayss Rebellion prompted Congress to recognize the need to revise the Articles. 16