1. The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power
Chapter 10
The Rise of Kingdoms and the
Growth of Church Power

2. Timeline

3. The Emergence & Growth of European Kingdoms, 1000 – 1300
Kings
Theory
Practice
Expansion of royal power in the High Middle Ages

4. England in the High Middle Ages
William of Normandy (1066 – 1087)
Battle of Hastings (1066)
Fusion of Normans and Anglo-Saxons
Involvement in France
Henry II (1154 – 1189)
Plantagenet dynasty
Royal courts
Common law
The church
Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury)
King John (1199 – 1216)
Magna Carta
Edward I (1272 – 1307)
Parliament

5. The Growth of the French Kingdom
The Capetian Dynasty
Little real power
Royal domain limited to the Île de France
Philip II Augustus (1180 – 1223)
War against the English
French bureaucracy
Louis IX (1226 – 1270) “Saint Louis”
Justice
Participates in Crusades
Philip IV the Fair (1285 – 1314)
Royal administration
Council for advice
Chamber of Accounts (finances)
Parlement (royal court)
Estates-General (French parliament)

6. Map 10.1: England and France in the High Middle Ages

7. Christian Reconquest: The Spanish Kingdoms
Cordova
Reconquista (1000 – 1492)
Castile
Navarre
Aragón
Portugal
Repartimiento
Fueros
Alfonso X (1252 – 1284)

8. Map 10.2: Christian Reconquests in the Western Mediterranean

9. The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire: Germany and Italy
Salian Kings
German Nobility
Involvement in Italy
The Norman kingdom in southern Italy
Frederick I Barbarossa (1152 – 1190)
Attempts to conquer northern Italy
Pope and Italian cities oppose him
Battle of Legnano (1176)
Frederick II (1212 – 1250)
King of Sicily, Germany, and Holy Roman Emperor
Preoccupied with Italy
Germany left in confusion and chaos
Rudolf of Hapsburg (1273)
Emergence of Italian City-States

10. Map 10.3: The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire in the Twelfth Century

11. New Kingdoms in Northern and Eastern Europe
Scandinavia
Hungary
Poland
Germans and Slavs
Teutonic Knights

12. Teutonic Knight Castle at Marienburg

13. Medieval Mongols & Russians
The Mongol Empire
Temuchin – Genghis Khan (c – 1227)
Khubilai Khan
Advances against the Muslim world
Advances against Europe
The Development of Russia
Kiev – Rus
The church
Mongol invasion
Alexander Nevsky (c – 1263)
Moscow

14. Map 10.4: Northern and Eastern Europe

15. The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic Church
The Problems of Decline
Worldly bishops and abbots
Monastic decline
The Cluniac Reform Movement
Cluny founded by Duke William of Aquitaine (910)
Reform movement spreads
Reform of the Papacy
Lay investiture
Pope Gregory VII (1073 – 1085)
Investiture Controversy
Concordat of Worms (1122)

16. Christianity and Medieval Civilization
Growth of the Papal Monarchy
Administrative structure
Pope Innocent III (1198 – 1216)
Philip Augustus of France
Interdict of England

17. New Religious Orders and Spiritual Ideals
The Cistercian Order
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 – 1153)
Women
Hildegard of Bingen (1098 – 1179)
Mystical visions
The Franciscans
Saint Francis of Assisi (1182 – 1226)
The Dominicans
Dominic de Guzmán (1170 – 1221)

18. Saint Bernard

19. A Group of Nuns

20. Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages
Sacraments
Saints
The Virgin Mary
Relics

21. Map 10.6: Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages

22. Voices of Protest and Intolerance
Heresy
Catharism
Dualist System
Catholic Church was evil according to their views
Albigensian Crusade (began in 1209)
The Holy Office (Papal Inquisition)
Persecution of the Jews
The Crusades
Fourth Lateran Council (1215)
Expulsion
Intolerance and Homosexuality
Associated with other minority groups
Thomas Aquinas and the “sin against nature”
Punishment

23. The Crusades Background to the Crusades Islam and the Seljuk Turks
Change and disintegration in the Muslim world
Seljuk Turks
Nomadic people from Central Asia
Capture of Baghdad (1055)
Battle of Manzikert (1071)
The Byzantine Empire
Divisions between the Catholic and Orthodox Church
Schism (1054)
Alexius I Comnenus (1081 – 1118)

24. The Early Crusades Pope Urban II (1088 – 1099) Crusading Fervor
Council of Clermont (1095)
Crusading Fervor
“Armed pilgrimages”
First Crusade (1096 – 1099)
Captures Antioch (1098)
Captures Jerusalem (1099)

25. Map 10.7: The Early Crusades

26. The Early Crusades, Continued
Crusader States
Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem
Muslims strike back
Fall of Edessa (1144)
Second Crusade
Total failure
Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)
Reaction to the fall of Jerusalem
Saladin
Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard the Lionhearted of England and Philip Augustus of France

27. Crusades of the 13th Century
The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century
Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204)
Sack of Constantinople
Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204 – 1261)
Children’s Crusade (1212)
Sixth Crusade (1228)

28. Effects of the Crusades
Little impact on the Muslim world
Impact on European society
Cultural interaction
Many young warriors removed from Europe
Italian cities benefited economically
Attacks on Jews

29. Richard the Lionhearted Executing Muslims at Acre

30. Discussion Questions
How was royal power strengthened in France and England beginning in the Eleventh Century?
What forces pulled apart the Holy Roman Empire between the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries?
How was the history of Russia linked to the invasions of the Mongols?
What role did Cluny play in reforming the Church and the papacy?
What was the function of the pope in Medieval Europe?
What fed the climate of intolerance in Europe after the Twelfth Century?
What were the causes of the Crusades?
Were the Crusades a success or a failure?

31. Web Links Kings and Queens of England
Paris at the Time of Philip Augustus
The Royal Abbey of Fontevraud
The Mongols in World History
NetSerf – Religious Orders
The Crusades – A Virtual Course
The Medieval Crusades
The Virtual Pilgrim