1. 3442 Industrial Instruments 2 Chapter 10 Analog Controllers
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya Univ. Electronic Engineering Dept.
3442 Industrial Instruments 2 Chapter 10 Analog Controllers
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh

2. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Error Detector
Voltage difference.

3. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Error Detector
Voltage difference.
Floating Power Supply.

4. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Error Detector
Voltage difference.
Floating Power Supply.

5. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral … etc)
Two-Position (ON / OFF)

6. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Two-Position (ON / OFF)

7. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Two-Position (ON / OFF)

8. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Two-Position (ON / OFF)
+ -
Vin > VSP
VSP

9. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Two-Position (ON / OFF) VO
+ -
VSP
+VO
Vin + (R1/R2)VO < VSP
– [ Vin + (R1/R2)VO]
Vin < VSP – (R1/R2)VO

10. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode
Example (On / Off):
Level measurement in a tank:
Transducer output 0.2 V / m
Turn-on pump when level > 2 m
Turn-off pump when level < 1.5 m
Pump turn-on voltage = 5 V
VH = 0.4 V
VL = 0.3 V
VO = 5 V
VSP = 0.4 V
R1 / R2 = 0.02

11. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Three-Position

12. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode
Example (3-Position):
Level control in a tank:
Transducer output 0.45 V / m
Valve opening: 0 to 8 V
level < 2 m: valve = 20% open
2 m < level < 3 m valve = 65% open
3 m < level valve = 100% open
Comparator output voltage = 5 V
VSP1 = 0.9 V
VSP2 = 1.35 V
VOut = 1.6 V
VOut = 5.2 V
VB = 1.6 V
R3 / R1 = 0.72
R3 / R2 = 0.56

13. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Floating

14. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode
Example (Floating):
Trip Voltages: 2 & 4 V
3-Position Controller O/P: 0, ± 2 V
Integrator: 1 MΩ, 1 μF
t = 1 sec

15. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode
Example (Floating):
Assume an inverter is used at the output of the integrator:
2 V
-2 V

16. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Proportional

17. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode
Example (Proportional):
O/P Scaling: 0 – 10 V  0 – 100 %
Zero error controller O/P: 50 %
Proportional Band: 20 %
Error Range: 10 V
VO = 5 V
PB = 100 / KP
KP = 100 / 20 = 5
GP = 5

18. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Integral
1/RC

19. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode
Example (Integral):
Measurement range: 0.4 – 2 V
Output range: – 6.8 V
KI = 4% / (%-min)
RC = 3.53 sec

20. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode (Proportional, Integral …)
Derivative
R2C
<< 1/R1C
R1 << 1/wC

21. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Single Mode
Example (Derivative):
Valve Control
Flow surge: minimum period 2.2 sec
Input signal range: 0.4 – 2 V
Output range: 0.0 – 5 V
KD = 0.04% / (%/min)
fmax = 0.45 Hz
wmax = r/s
wo = 28.3 r/s
R1C = 1/28.3
R2C = 7.5 sec

22. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Composite Modes
Proportional-Integral (PI)
R2/R1
1/R2C

23. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Composite Mode
Example (PI):
Input signal range: 0.4 – 2 V
Output range: 0.0 – 10 V
PB = 30 %
KI = 0.1% / (% - sec)
KP = 100 % / 30 %
R2/R1 = 20.83
R2C = 1.6 sec

24. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Composite Modes
Proportional-Derivative (PD)
R2/(R1+R3)
R3C
R1//R3 << XC

25. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Composite Mode
Example (PD):
Input signal range: 0.4 – 2 V
Output range: 0.0 – 5 V
KP = 5 % / %
KD = 0.08% / (%/min)
Minimum period: sec
R2/(R1+R3)=
fmax = 0.67 Hz
wmax = r/s
wo = 41.9 r/s
(R1//R3)C = 1/41.9
R3C = 15 sec

26. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
Electronic Controllers
Composite Modes
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)

27. 3442 - Industrial Instruments 2
Princess Sumaya University
Industrial Instruments 2
10: Analog Controllers
End of Chapter 10