1. Weisburd, Lawton, Ready, Rudes, Cave, and Nelson Presented by Breanne Cave 1

2.  Procedural justice, legitimacy, cooperation & compliance  Existing research does not focus on micro place 2

3.  Does living in a high crime place impact citizens’ perceptions of the police? 3

4.  Random sample of 454 street segments:  50 cold spots  104 cool spots  125 drug crime hotspots  125 violent crime hotspots  50 combination spots  Total sample of 3770 respondents (about 8 per segment) 4

5. Created 9/30/2014 by Breanne Cave Hotspots identified by 2012-2013 call for service data obtained from Baltimore Police Department 5

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8. Cold spot Cool spot Drug crime spot Violent crime spot Combination spot F Average age 45.01 (8.02) 44.64 (6.78) 45.12 (6.57) 43.74 (6.16) 44.47 (6.24) 0.76 Proportion without high school education 0.07 (0.11) 0.19 (0.17) 0.21 (0.16) 0.22 (0.16) 0.26 (0.14) 11.21*** Proportion in poverty 0.07 (0.14) 0.25 (0.21) 0.32 (0.22) 0.37 (0.21) 0.42 (0.21) 25.27*** Proportion male 0.46 (0.19) 0.42 (0.19) 0.43 (0.19) 0.40 (0.17) 0.36 (0.18) 2.31 t Proportion African American 0.43 (0.38) 0.70 (0.34) 0.83 (0.25) 0.75 (0.28) 0.86 (0.18) 20.33*** Proportion Latino0.03 (0.07) 0.06 (0.12) 0.05 (0.11) 0.05 (0.12) 0.04 (0.09) 0.60 t p <.10; *p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001 8

9. Proportion of households that agree Cold spot Cool spot Drug crime spot Violent crime spot Combination spot F Police officers treat people fairly 0.80 (0.17) 0.62 (0.22) 0.53 (0.21) 0.56 (0.21) 0.51 (0.21) 18.02*** In general the police care about problems on your block 0.81 (0.16) 0.70 (0.18) 0.58 (0.19) 0.61 (0.19) 0.60 (0.19) 17.54*** In general police officers treat people with respect 0.84 (0.15) 0.70 (0.19) 0.62 (0.21) 0.62 (0.2) 0.59 (0.21) 16.00*** t p <.10; *p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001 9

10. Proportion of households that agree Cold spot Cool spot Drug crime spot Violent crime spot Combination spot F People should obey the law even if it goes against what they think is right 0.83 (0.14) 0.88 (0.11) 0.88 (0.13) 0.87 (0.12) 0.85 (0.13) 2.10 t I always try to follow the law even if I think it is wrong 0.88 (0.12) 0.91 (0.11) 0.90 (0.11) 0.90 (0.11) 0.90 (0.13) 0.77 If a person is doing something and a police officer tells them to stop, they should stop even if they think what they are doing is legal 0.89 (0.12) 0.92 (0.1) 0.91 (0.1) 0.91 (0.11) 0.91 (0.1) 0.73 Disobeying the law is rarely justified 0.79 (0.12) 0.74 (0.18) 0.68 (0.16) 0.68 (0.17) 0.67 (0.14) 7.21*** It is difficult to break the law and keep your self-respect 0.67 (0.16) 0.66 (0.16) 0.59 (0.21) 0.62 (0.2) 0.62 (0.19) 2.34 t t p <.10; *p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001 10

11. Proportion of households that agree Cold spot Cool spot Drug crime spot Violent crime spot Combination spot F In general the police do a good job preventing crime 0.78 (0.2) 0.73 (0.18) 0.62 (0.19) 0.62 (0.21) 0.59 (0.19) 12.55*** The police do a good job controlling drug activity 0.72 (0.17) 0.65 (0.2) 0.51 (0.21) 0.54 (0.19) 0.52 (0.19) 15.35*** The police do a good job enforcing traffic laws 0.72 (0.2) 0.75 (0.17) 0.74 (0.15) 0.73 (0.17) 0.72 (0.18) 0.36 t p <.10; *p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001 11

12. Proportion of households that agree Cold spot Cool spot Drug crime spot Violent crime spot Combination spot F Average calls to the police over the past year 0.86 (0.74) 0.96 (1.57) 1.36 (1.65) 1.13 (1.48) 1.63 (1.73) 2.72* Proportion who called the police after when victimized (three crimes) 0.51 (0.37) 0.32 (0.38) 0.31 (0.37) 0.36 (0.37) 0.49 (0.38) 3.50** Proportion who called when home broken into 0.79 (0.4) 0.74 (0.45) 0.80 (0.39) 0.85 (0.35) 0.79 (0.4) 0.28 Proportion who called after violent victimization 0.45 (0.5) 0.50 (0.49) 0.40 (0.48) 0.53 (0.46) 0.59 (0.48) 0.63 Proportion who called after theft outside of home 0.45 (0.41) 0.22 (0.35) 0.23 (0.34) 0.29 (0.36) 0.38 (0.38) 4.10** t p <.10; *p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001 12

13.  Police behavior in places  Implications for crime prevention interventions 13

14. Breanne Cave Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy bcave1@masonlive.gmu.edu cebcp.org 14