1. DSGN129 An Electrical Perspective Frank Hamer, October 2006

2. So what did the Romans do for us?

3. So what have Civil Engineers done for us since then?

4. So what have Mechanical Engineers done for us since then?

5. So what have Electrical Engineers done for us since then?

6. ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL CIVIL

7. Who shapes society? ENGINEERS

8. ELECTRONICSCOMMUNICATIONS COMPUTERS

9. Can we give systems a focus? Industrial Robots & machines Automotive Electrical Domestic Electrical Generation & Transmission Building Services Plain Old Telephones Cellular Satellite & Remote Sensing Radar Navigation & GPS Future personal communications Remote control Personal Computers Internet Networks Artificial intelligence Television & Video Radio Autonomous Robots Medical Electrical/Electronic Communication Computer

10. Design concepts New idea? A customer requirement! The boss says so!! To make a profit ?£$ To benefit the World?

11. What do you want your society to look like 5 years from now? "Now hills and vales no more distinction know, And levell'd nature lies oppress'd below; The most of mortals perish in the flood." Ovid (Dryden's tr.)

12. Your TV is left on standby for a year 1. How much energy does it use? Assume typical standby current = 15 mA Assume power dissipated = mains voltage x standby current 2. How much coal does it use? Assume calorific value of coal = 36 MJ/Kg Assume energy generation conversion efficiency = 50% (optimisitic)

13. 0.015 x 240 = 3.6 Watts 3.6 Watts x 24 x 365 hours = 31.536 Kilo-Watt hours Hence approximately 32 Units of Electricity 32 kW.hrs = 32x10 3 x3600 Joules = 115 MJ 115 / 36 = 3.2 kg at 100% efficiency Hence at 50% efficiency this requires 6.4 kg of coal!! So what is the cost??

14. WHAT ARE ENGINEERING ETHICS We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our technologies in affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in accepting a personal obligation to our profession, its members and the communities we serve, do hereby commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree: …………………………………….. This is what one professional institute states

15. WHAT ARE ENGINEERING ETHICS 1. To accept responsibility in making engineering decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment; 2. To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist; 3. To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data; 4. To reject bribery in all its forms; 5. To improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate application, and potential consequences; IEEE ETHICS APPROVED AUGUST 1990

16. WHAT ARE ENGINEERING ETHICS 6. To maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations; 7. To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others; 8. To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin; 9.To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action; 10. To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to support them in following this code of ethics. IEEE ETHICS APPROVED AUGUST 1990

17. Ranked design criteria: 1. Spectral efficiency (simultaneous conversations/MHz/km 2 ) 2. Subjective voice quality 3. Cost of mobile unit 4. Feasibility of a hand portable unit 5. Cost of base station 6. Ability to support new services 7. Ability to coexist with existing systems ? What about the safety of the people

18. WHEN IS BIO-ENGINEERING UNETHICAL ? ENGINEERING THE PERSON ? PAIN RELIEF LASER SIGHT CORRECTION PROSTHETIC JOINTS ARTIFICIAL ORGANS NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER ‘MANAGEMENT’ MENTAL DISORDER ‘MANAGEMENT’ ‘ENHANCING’ THE MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE BAR CODING FOR I.D. BAR CODING FOR TAGGING & TRACKING BAR CODING BUSINESS/CREDIT CONTROL OF ‘ANTI-SOCIAL’ BEHAVIOUR SUPER HUMAN ?

19. ENGINEERING THE PERSON ? WHEN IS BIO-ENGINEERING UNETHICAL ? IMPLANTS IN CURRENT USE SYMBIOTICS

20. GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ? SOCIETY’S REACTION TIME LOSS OF PRIVACY SOCIAL INTRUSION RUDENESS; LOSS OF SOLITUDE SHARED-ATTENTION DANGERS METROPOLITAN FOCUS CONGESTED SPECTRUM SPECTRAL POLLUTION TOO MANY UNSIGHTLY MASTS HEALTH CONCERNS

21. GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ? WHERE SHOULD BASE STATION MASTS BE SITED? WHAT SHOULD THEY LOOK LIKE?

22. TELEDESIC SATELLITES 288 (840) GIVING GLOBAL INTERNET SERVICES 10 12 EQUIVALENT GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ?

23. Observable debris 1989 GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ? WHAT GOES UP MUST COME DOWN BUT WHEN….WHERE

24. ACME REGRETS TO INFORM YOU THAT DUE TO THE BANK HOLIDAY THE NEXT PLANNED COLLECTION IS POSTPONED INDEFINITELY ACME JUNK - OUR OPERATIVES ECLIPSE EVERYONE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ?

25. ENGINEERING THE POWER FOR THE PLANET NUCLEAR FISSION PLENTIFUL SUPPLY INEXPENSIVE PRODUCTION EFFICIENT CONVERSION A MINIMUM OF SITES DEFENCE SPIN OFFS SITE SAFETY SAFETY CRITICAL SYSTEMS WASTE MANAGEMENT DECOMMISSIONING

26. FRANKLY, I DON’T UNDERSTAND ALL THE FUSS ABOUT THIS NUCLEAR STUFF ENGINEERING THE POWER FOR THE PLANET

27. RENEWABLE ENERGY… WIND FARMS - ARE THEY CUTE OR UGLY? DOES THIS DEPEND ON WHO & WHERE? ENGINEERING THE POWER FOR THE PLANET LAND BASED SEA BASED

28. DEFENDING THE REALM PROTECTING DEMOCRACY THROUGH STRONG DEFENCE DEFENDING THE PEOPLE CIVIL SPIN-OFFS…CONCORDE, HELICOPTERS, MOBILES, GPS,

29. OR..DEALING IN DEATH £££ THEY MADE ME DO IT! DEFENDING THE PEOPLE

30. THE INFORMATION AGE THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION e-MAIL THE WORLD INFORMATION - POWER PEOPLE POWER OVERCOMING PROPAGANDA OPEN GOVERNMENT INFORMATION RICH/POOR INFORMATION OVERLOAD COMPUTER-BASED EDUCATION VIRTUAL LIVES MICROSOFT - GLOBAL DOMINATION UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS

31. THE INFORMATION AGE UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS ARE YOU ADDICTED TO THE INTERNET?

32. THE INFORMATION AGE UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD CHILDREN STAY-IN OR GO OUT TO PLAY

33. UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 20 MILLION PEOPLE VISIT SEX SITES EVERY MONTH THE INFORMATION AGE - COMPUTER CUPBOARD PERVERTS 200,000 ADDICTED TO INTERNET PORN

34. Ani Bod – An animated mannequin that combines sound, an internally projected image of a face and three-way head movement WHO DECIDES WHETHER IT’S ETHICAL OR NOT ? ???

35. YOU DECIDE !