1. Pacific Island Parents Perspective By Karolini Tutavaha and Galumaninoa Tasi- Perez

2. Pacific Island Parents Perspective in understanding People with an Intellectual Disability where Behaviour Presents Challenging. One Thing Leads to Another

3. INTRODUCTION 1.Pacific Island Definition of Intellectual Disability 2.What is perceived as Challenging Behaviour? 3.Communication 4.Sexuality 5.How to deal with it 6.One thing leads to another

4. Pacific Island Definition Of Intellectual Disability Cultural Beliefs -Manifestation of external ancestral force (failure of a person to fulfill a dying persons final wishes) -Family has broken a certain custom ( the relationship with the gods, land and family including extended family is disturbed and unbalanced) -Illness that cannot be treated -Possessed by the evil spirits (Religious beliefs)

5. Communication Some Challenging behaviour can be seen as a form of communication: -Biting -Spitting -Head banging / butting -Pulling hair -Breaking and throwing things -Crying / Screaming / yelling

6. Tapu - Not an open subject, in the home or family members Culturally inappropriate to be spoken of among males and females (relation) especially sisters and brothers Deprivation of expressing there sexual needs Perceived as not worth having a relationship Intellectually disabled people dont have sexual needs As a mother I would not want my son/ daughter to be taken advantaged of so they become overprotective, not allowing the opportunity for the disabled person to meet their sexual feelings Expressing sexual feelings can be seen as challenging and unacceptable. SEXUALITY

7. HOW TO DEAL WITH IT All people want all or some of these things Families/Fanau Friendships Relationships Education Home Recreation/Leisure

8. We want our fanau to Be included Be able to participate Have a lot of new opportunities in their lives

9. Education/Programmes What disabled people think/experience Recognition of disabled peoples achievements Encourage people to talk about disability issues Encourage and Educate the Community and Society

10. Pacific Island People with an Intellectual Disability To promote the involvement of Pacific People with an Intellectual disability so that their cultures are understood and recognised

11. Improve services for Pacific people with an Intellectual disability Train Service Providers / Specialist so they understand different Pacific Island cultures Get Pacific communities to talk and think about disability issues Make sure information is available in a way that Pacific people can access Promotion of Pacific People with an Intellectual Disability

12. Best education (appropriate placement / inclusion /special unit) Opportunities in employment Opportunities to live in their own homes Health services in their community Recreational and sports projects Improve services

13. The abilities of Pacific People with an Intellectual Disability Provide information so Pacific People with an Intellectual Disability / fanau know what help they can get Involve Pacific Island people with an Intellectual Disability in decision making Train and Upskill Service Providers

14. Communication Culture Spiritual needs Living models Support Services Pacific Island People with an Intellectual Disability by Pacific People

15. Awareness of Pacific Communities Talk about disability issues Educate families about the abilities of the Pacific Island People who are disabled /fanau / families Access to services and information Individual capacity

16. One Thing Leads to Another Result and one thing leads to another Teach and Nurture Understanding the Disability

17. Conclusion …to understand peoples perceptions of disability we must develop a better understanding of their culture; and once we begin to understand perceptions of disability, we better understand the cultures in which they develop… we can and should investigate culture and perceptions at the same time. Fitzgerald, 1993

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