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The impact of the Troika policy on wages and collective bargaining European Parliament Public Hearing on „Employment and social aspects of the operations.

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Presentation on theme: "The impact of the Troika policy on wages and collective bargaining European Parliament Public Hearing on „Employment and social aspects of the operations."— Presentation transcript:

1 The impact of the Troika policy on wages and collective bargaining European Parliament Public Hearing on „Employment and social aspects of the operations and role of the Troika in euro area programme countries“ Brussels, 9 January 2014 Dr. Thorsten Schulten

2 Troika‘s approach towards wages and collective bargaining Basic assumption: Lowering labour costs is the key to regain competitiveness (strategy of internal devaluation) 1.Direct Interventions in current wage developments (wage cuts/freezes) 2.“Structural reforms“ of collective bargaining systems in order to increase downward flexibility of wages 09 01 2014Dr. Thorsten Schulten

3 Public Sector Wages Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 Freeze since 2009 Cuts between 12% and 20% (2010) Cuts up to 17% (2011-2013) Freeze since 2010 Cuts of 5% (2010) Cuts between 3.5% and 10% (2011) Suspension of annual bonuses (2012-2013) Freeze since 2008 Cuts between 5% and 7% (2009) Cuts between 5% and 8% (2010) Freeze from 2013-2017 Cuts between 6.5% and 12.5% (2013)

4 Minimum Wages Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 Cut by 22 % (32% for young workers below 25) in 2012 Freeze until the end of the programme period Freeze since 2011 No increase without compliance by the Troika Cut by 1 € 02/2011 revoked 07/2011 Freeze since 1997 Suspension of automatic indexation No increase without compliance by the Troika

5 Development of the Real Value of Minimum Wages (2009 = 1000) Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014

6 Troika‘s approach towards wages and collective bargaining Dr. Thorsten Schulten09 01 2014 “Employment friendly reforms” in the area of collective bargaining  decrease bargaining coverage  decrease extension of agreements  reform the bargaining system in a less centralized way  extending the possibility to derogate from higher level agreements  removing or limiting the "favourability principle"  overall reduction in the wage setting power of trade unions

7 Changes in the Greek Collective Bargaining System Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 Law No. 4024/2011:  Suspension of the extension of collective agreements  Suspension of the favourability clause, i.e. firm-level agreements prevail over sectoral agreements  Allowing for non-union workers' representatives to negotiate firm-level agreements Law No. 4046/2012 :  Reduction of the after-effect of expired collective agreements to 3 months Law No. 4093/2012 :  National Minimum Wage to be determined by law (Instead of by national collective agreement)

8 Collective agreements in Greece (2010-2013) Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 Since 2012: 80% of company agreements introduce wage cuts !!!

9 Changes in the Portuguese Collective Bargaining System Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 Law No. 23/2012 :  Allowing for non-union workers' representatives to negotiate firm-level agreements in small enterprises Resolution No. 90/2012 :  Introduction of stricter criteria for the extension of collective agreements (50% bargaining coverage) Memorandum of Understanding 2011:  Government agreed to restrict extension until the adoption of a new regulation on extension

10 Collective agreements in Portugal (2008-2012) Dr. Thorsten Schulten Source: Portuguese Ministry of Labour 09 01 2014 20082009201020112012 Sectoral agreements 20016416611546 Company agreements 9587645539 Number of extensions 1371021161712 Number of employees covered by agreements 1.9 Mil.1.4 Mil. 1.2 Mil.328,000

11 Changes in the Irish Collective Bargaining System Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 2009: Breakdown of the 22-years-old system of national pay bargaining  collective bargaining remains mainly at company level Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act 2012:  Introduction of stricter criteria for the “Registered Employment Agreements” (REAs) and “Employment Regulation Orders” (EROs), which allow to determine minimum wages in certain sectors

12 Changes in the Cypriot Collective Bargaining System Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 Memorandum of Understanding 2013:  Suspension of wage indexation during programme period  Future: A move from full to partial indexation, with the rate of wage indexation being set at 50% of the rate of increase of the underlying price index over the previous year

13 Collective agreements in Spain (2007-2013) Dr. Thorsten Schulten 09 01 2014 Number of workers covered by registered collective agreements

14 Development of real compensation in the EU (2010-2014, in %)* Dr. Thorsten Schulten 16 out of 28 EU member states are face by a decrease in real compensation * Nominal compensation deflated by the national HCPI 2013: provisional data; 2014: Forecast of the European Commission (Autumn 2013 ) Source: AMECO, Calculations of the WSI 09 01 2014

15 Conclusion: Troika promotes a radical shift in collective bargaining leading to …  a systematic weakening and dismantling of multi-employer bargaining (at national and/or sectoral level)  a dramatic decline of the bargaining coverage  a strong downward pressure on wages leading to a deflationary spiral of wage competition with detrimental effects on consumer demand 09 01 2014Dr. Thorsten Schulten

16 Many thanks for your attention! Dr. Thorsten Schulten Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut (WSI) In der Hans Böckler Stiftung Hans-Böckler-Straße 39 D-40476 Düsseldorf, Germany Tel. 0049 211 7778 239 Email: Thorsten-Schulten@boeckler.de Dr. Thorsten Schulten09 01 2014

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