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Published byBailey Ferguson Modified over 11 years ago
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Chapter 18: Conquest and Survival – The Trans-Mississippi West
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American Communities:
Oklahoma Land Rush
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18.1: Indian People Under Siege
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A. Growth of the West Gold rush 1848 Homestead Act 1862
Alaska Terr. 1867 TRR 1869 Trouble w/Natives
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A. Growth of the West 6. Indian Removal Act – 1830 “No Mans Land”
Removal of Natives by force if needed/Pres. AJ Trail of Tears after Cherokee Nation v. Ga. 1831 “No Mans Land” Leads to “Land Rush” and “Sooners”
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“Land Rush” & “Sooners”
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Dugouts
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Soddies
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Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee
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C. Assimilation of the Native American
Farming Christianity English Education “Friends of the Indians”
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Importance of the Buffalo
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D. Settlers and the Buffalo
Killed by hunters for heads, hides, bones, and fur for sport by RR co. 2. Helped gov’t push Natives onto reservations
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E. Massacre at Sand Creek, Co 1864
Natives told to make camp at Sand Creek to make peace deal. Col. Chivington >100 Cheyenne killed while sleeping; bodies mutilated Body parts kept as souvenirs Later discredited by Congress
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F. Treaty of Laramie (1868) Ended Great Sioux War of 1865-1867
Lands in the Black Hills, SD, Wy, and Mt. Deposits of gold discovered, which leads to …
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G. Battle at Little Bighorn, Mt. (aka Greasy Grass ) (1876)
7th Calvary sent to take lands of Black Hills – found gold Custer and men overtaken and killed by Crazy Horse Public outcry = forcing more onto reservations Same situation with the Nez Perce in the NW Pacific “Custer’s Last Stand”
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18.7: Transformation of Indian Society
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A. Helen Hunt Jackson (1881) Exposes injustices of the NA by the USgov’t Supporter of assimilation Indian Rights Assoc Women’s nat’l Indian Assoc
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B. Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
To “Americanize” NA by teaching them that owning land and farming was “right” Reservation lands distributed to head of household; 160 acres; individuality not communal Lands left over sold to settlers NA lost >2/3rd of their lands
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C. Ghost Dance: prohibited by government
1. Return of the buffalo 2. Restorations of their lands 3. Make the white man disappear
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D. Battle of Wounded Knee @ Pine Ridge Reservation (1890)
Started with the arrest and killing of Sitting Bull A few days later, 7th Calvary rounded up ghost dancers and took them to Wounded Knee Camp >200 unarmed NA killed and left to freeze Payback for Battle of Little Bighorn Brought Indian wars to an end
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Mining, Mormons, and Mexicans
18.2: Internal Empire Mining, Mormons, and Mexicans
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Miners “Striking it Rich!” Mining for Gold and Silver
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1. Pros and Cons of Mining a. Pros Railroads increased
Statehood increased Cities developed and “Boomed”- economy grew rapidly b. Cons Increased crime Destruction of land “ghost towns”
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2. Real Winners? a. Mine owners - able to invest capital in industries that supported the miners Equip and technology RR Timber hydroelectricity
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Hazards of Mining The Western Federation of Miners on parade, passing the Southern Hotel in Rhyolite, February 17, (Nevada Historical Society)
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Miners & Workers
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From Boom Towns to Ghost Towns
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Realities of “Helldorados”
Realities of “Helldorados”
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B. Mormons Joseph Smith Brigham Young
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C. Mexican-Americans Economically and socially tied to land and country Very few prospered Formed political party Poor political conditions in Mex = migration
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18.3: The Open Range
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Cowboys & Cattle
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Long Drives
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A. Life as a Cowboy Hard: Saloons, violence, guns, and prostitutes
Range wars = fences; problematic for grazing
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B. Collapse of Cattle Industry
barb wire overgrazing overstocking extreme weather
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18.4: Farming Communities on the Plains
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A. The Great Plains 1. Why move to the Great Plains? Homestead Act
(future home of the Dust Bowl!) Homestead Act Advertising RR/towns Farming technology
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B. Homestead Act of 1862 160 acres 5 yrs cultivation (grow crops)
Land for farming was bad Option of purchasing it at $1.25 acre after 6 months (residency requirement) Only 10% of farmers received their lands from the act. Why so little? - Better lands closer to transportation and town/mkts
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18.5: The World’s Breadbasket
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A. Farming and Technology
McCormick’s reaper
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A. Farming and Technology
Efficiency = increase trade 2. Dependent on: Technology Nature Shipping and RR Global markets
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