1. Chapter 8:
The New Nation, 1786–1800

2. 8.1: The Crisis Of The 1780s

3. A. Economic Crisis (1780s) 1. Inflation due to the war
a. Shortage of goods
b. Devalue of currency; too much in circulation
2. Depression sets in
a. US supplier of raw goods
b. Trade deficit w/GB; silver leaving US
c. Banks refused new loans
3. Confederation Congress unable to raise taxes; called on states to do so.

4. B. Annapolis Convention (It was in Maryland! 1786)
Meeting to call a meeting in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation
Need for a stronger federal government was apparent
Shay’s Rebellion (8/1786)

5. 8.2: The New Constitution

6. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)

7. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)
Va Plan:
a. Bicameral legislature
b. Rep. based on pop.
Who doesn’t like this plan?
Senators elected by
house
House elected by popular vote

8. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)
NJ Plan:
All states represented equally
Who doesn’t like this plan?

9. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)
Great Compromise
Equal rep. in Senate; elected by House
House rep. based on population; elected by the people
Regional interest: north – commerce and trade regulation south – slavery; 3/5 rule for representation
Electoral College: delegates vote based on the number of representatives in Congress

10. Father of the Constitution
James Madison

11. B. Ratifying the New Constitution
Federalists
Support the constitution
Strong federal gov’t.
Merchants, manufactures, large land owners
Republic ideals can work in a big country, contrary to philosopher Montesquieu
- Many interest groups = no one interest group in holding power

12. B. Ratifying the New Constitution
Anti-federalists
Favored strong local/state govt; small fed. Gov’t.
Think TJ and farmers
Explicit interpretation of constitution
Wanted Bill of Rights:
i. James Madison
ii. What did it stand for? TJ
J. Madison

13. C. Ratifying the New Constitution

14. 8.3: The First Administration

15. A. GW ( )
“man of the people?”
Cabinet members?

16. B. Federal Judiciary Judiciary Act – 1789
establishes the Supreme Court and lower federal courts
Higher courts function as appellate courts
Increases from 6 to 9 judges in 1869

17. C. Hamilton’s Controversial Fiscal Program
Tariffs of 1789:
Focus - raise revenue for the gov’t, not protect Amer. Merchants
Hamilton’s Plan
Assumption –
feds repay states debt w/bonds
Est. credit for fed. Gov’t abroad
Bank of the United States
Managed by Treasury Dept.
TJ argues unconstitutional expansion of power
Complete Success
foreign investments and domestic capital increases

19. HBO Hamilton v. TJ clip

20. 4. Hamilton vs. TJ re: the Constitution
Federalist Implied powers
Anti-federalist Explicit powers

22. D. Foreign Policy (1793) & French Rev. and war Between France and GB
What should the US do?
Feds: GB; trade
Anti-feds: Fr; less dependent on GB
Neutrality = Sell, sell, sell!
&

23. E. U.S. and Natives 1. Intercourse Act NW Ordinance 1787
Regulated trade w/natives
Lands negotiated solely through treaties
NW Ordinance 1787
Est. rules of govt/statehood
Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
NW territory; NA lose =
Treaty of Greenville –
NA lose NW lands to the US

24. F. Domestic Crisis (1794) Whiskey Rebellion Moral of story?
Excise tax?
tax collectors harrassed/killed
GW sends troops out to Pa; puts rebels down
Moral of story?
a. don’t mess w/Fed govt => Tested powers of new
fed gov’t and Feds win

25. H. Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties
Jay’s Treaty
GB to leave by 1796
Trade equally w/US
Problem w/Treaty
a. No compensation for lose of slaves
b. Favored alliance w/GB over French who were allies
House tries blocking treaty; wants to see correspondence re: treaty; GW says “No!”
Precedent of “executive privilege” set by GW

26. H. Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties
3. Pinckney’s Treaty
a. Southern
parallel
b. Ms. River open for US
trade
Collectively, LTC of treaties?
Sovereignty West of Appalachian Mts. And ports from Atlantic to Miss. Valley open.

27. I. GW Farewell Address
doc

29. 8.4: Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans

30. A. The Rise of Political Parties Election of 1796
Federalists President
Republicans V.P.

31. B. Adam’s X, Y, Z Affair
Relations between US and France worsen thanks to US support of Jay’s Treaty; French confiscate US vessels and cargo.
US Delegates turned away; French wanted bribes/loans
Adams releases messages with names of French officials as X, Y, and Z.
Adams stands his ground; builds a navy for defense
“Quasi-war” between the two
Adams approval rating soars

32. C. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
Limits free speech and liberties of foreigners
Naturalization Act increases residence requirements from 5 to 14 years
Sedition Act: fines/imprisonment for anyone convicted of speaking against gov’t
To be used against Republicans
Disagreement = treason

33. C. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
6. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
states have fundamental rights that the federal gov’t cannot abridge (diminish)
States can nullify federal laws that they judge to be unconstitutional*
Constitutional compact between fed and state gov’t

34. D. Election of 1800 Tied! Jefferson & Burr 12th Amendment
First party change: Federalist to Republican TJ AB

35. E. Democratic Political Culture
Growth of political participation
Universal suffrage increasing?

37. Alexander Hamilton