1. Los Artículos

2. The NOUN must agree with the ARTICLE!!
Los Nombres (Nouns)
Name of a person, place or thing is a noun
In Spanish, every noun has a gender, either masculine or feminine
All nouns are put into these categories even if there is no class logic to why
The NOUN must agree with the ARTICLE!!

3. Los Artículos (The Articles)
There are two types of articles:
___________________ & ________________
Definite
Indefinite

4. =“the” Definite Articles
It is called definite article because it is used to refer to a specific person, place, or thing
i.e., the girl next door, the school, etc.

5. Spanish Definite Articles
There are four:
SINGULAR
PLURAL
MASCULINE
FEMININE el
los la
las

6. = “a, an” Indefinite Articles
Refers to any person, place, or thing, NOT a specific one.
i.e., a girl, a school.

7. Spanish Indefinite Articles
There are four:
SINGULAR
PLURAL
MASCULINE
FEMININE un
unos
una
unas
INDEFINITE = “U”

8. Gender in Nouns
Often, but not always the final vowel of a noun tells which article to use

9. Nouns Ending in “o” el chico, un chico el sombrero, un sombrero
These are usually masculine and take the definite article “el” and the indefinite article “un”
i.e.,
el chico, un chico
el sombrero, un sombrero
el vestido, un vestido

10. Nouns Ending in “a” la chica, una chica la camisa, una camisa
These are usually feminine and take the definite article “la” and the indefinite article “una”
i.e.:
la chica, una chica
la camisa, una camisa
la casa, una casa

11. Nouns Ending in “e” or a Consonant
These can be either masculine or feminine and must be learned individually
i.e.:
el hombre
la clase
la madre
el restaurante

12. Number in Nouns
Nouns are marked for gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural)
Nouns must agree in gender and number

13. To change nouns to plural, do the following:
Add “s” if the noun ends in a vowel
Add “es” if the noun ends in a consonant
i.e.:
el hombre --> los hombres
la persona --> las personas
un libro --> unos libros
una mujer --> unas mujeres

14. IRREGULARS el mapa la televisión
*Typically if a noun ends with “pa” it will be a masculine noun.
*Typically if a noun ends with “sión” it will be a feminine noun.

15. Change the following nouns to make them plural.
Singular Plural el chico la chica el/la estudiante un amigo un mapa
los chicos
las chicas
los/las estudiantes
unos amigos
unos mapas