1. When is a Population NOT Evolving? AP Biology Fall 2011

2. Applying the rules of probability to sexual reproduction, mathematician Hardy and physician Weinberg independently came up with a baseline for non-evolving populations The 5 conditions

3. Allele frequencies for any gene in the shared pool will remain stable unless the population is evolving The formula used to track any deviation from the stable state is: p2 + 2 pq + q2 = 1 p + q = 1 p and q are allelic frequencies for A and a Hardy-Weinberg equation

5. If traits show up in different proportions to the expected frequencies given Hardy-Weinberg assumptions, it indicates that one or more of the 5 assumptions is not being met and some evolutionary force is affecting the population

6. Researchers use Hardy-Weinberg to estimate the frequency of carriers of alleles that cause genetic disorders and traits Ex. Genetic disorder hemochromatosis, which affects people of Irish Ancestry, causes individuals to absorb too much iron from their food