1. Third Generation Adaptive Hypermedia Systems Curtis A. Carver Jr., John M.D. Hill and Udo W. Pooch

2. Agenda Introduction Background –First Generation Adaptive Hypermedia Systems –Second Generation AHS Third Generation AHS –Multi-dimensional User Models –Finely Grained Multimedia Adaptation –Open Systems –Constructive hypermedia –Other Issues Conclusion

3. First Generation AHS Period 1985-1993 Principally non-distributed adaptive systems Limited adaptability through stereotype user models, limited use of adaptive techniques Examples: EPIAIM, ITEM/IP, Hypadapter, ISIS- Tutor, MetaDoc, MetaDoc V

4. ISIS -Tutor Details Frame-based presentation Link Annotation Information Hiding

5. Second Generation AHS Period 1993-Present Principally uses WWW as delivery mechanism - world- wide availability and platform independence New capabilities added such as adaptive multimedia presentation, map adaptation, link sorting. Existing adaptation techniques were refined for additional functionality. User models became more robust. Examples: AHA, ARNIE, AVANTI, Basar, CS383, Cameleon, ELM-ART, I-DOC, Interbook, KN-AHS, Media-Doc, WebWatcher, RATH

6. ELM-ART Intelligent tutoring system on Lisp Provides course adaptation through adaptive annotation and link sorting Links are sorted so that the most similar to the link the user is currently on are presented first Annotated as green, yellow, and red based on prerequisites Extensive user feedback and highly interactive

7. Third Generation AHS Construction ongoing Multi-dimensional User Models Finely Grained Multimedia Adaptation Open AHS Constructive hypermedia Other Issues

8. Multi-Dimensional User Models One dimensional and/or fixed dimensional weighting –AHA uses nodes visited –CS383 uses learning styles as the basis of the user model Multi-dimensional –Expertise –User goals –User interests –Preferred learning style AHS must maintain multi-dimensional user models where relative importance of dimensions changes over time

9. Multi-Dimensional User Models Research Issues –Need different presentation techniques to represent multi-dimensional user models to the user –Proper type and number of dimensions to measure –Techniques for dynamically adjusting importance of dimensions How often do we change? How do we inform the user?

10. Finely Grained Multimedia Adaptation Provide a finer degree of adaptive granularity Most AHS have focused on providing adaptivity through text only Adapt more than just hypertext –Audio –Video –Graphics

11. Finer Granularity - Research Issues Proper balance between dimension granularity and system performance Techniques for the adaptation and presentation for media elements other than text

12. Open Systems Typically, adaptive systems are self-contained Want to allow users to tunnel through the internal hyperspace boundary to gather additional information, while still controlling the effects of the context shift However, the system must by able to detect the transition (and its causes) and monitor the users’ activities in the external hyperspace With this information the system author can add additional information, remove useless information, and provide additional external links discovered by the users

13. Open AHS - Research Issues How to capture the transition How to react to the external activities How to ensure users don’t get lost

14. Constructive hypermedia The most accurate user model is the one that users construct themselves Users should be able to add material to the system Research Issue: –Methods must be developed for assessing the impact and utility of user construction on the user and adapting the system appropriately

15. Other Issues Feedback Ease of Authoring Assessment of the effectiveness of AHS

16. Summary Reviewed the development of adaptive hypermedia systems Proposed several attributes for third-generation adaptive hypermedia systems Research into these issues will bring us closer to reaching the full potential of adaptive hypermedia