1. Chemistry Chapter 2

2. Living organisms are made up of matter. matter = anything that occupies space and has mass chemistry = the study of matter and changes in matter therefore understanding chemistry is essential to studying biology

3. In order to understand the whole, biologists study the parts (reductionism)

4. Here is an example of this A. Molecule: Actin Atom MyosinActin B. Organelle: Myofibril (found only in muscle cells) Myofibril (organelle) C. Cell and tissue: Muscle cell within muscle tissue Rattlebox moth D. Organ: Flight muscle of a moth

5. In order to understand the whole, biologists study the parts (reductionism) Each level of organization in the biological hierarchy builds on the one below it. At each level, new properties emerge.

6. 96% of the mass of a human consists of 4 elements… oxygen (O) 65% carbon (C) 18% hydrogen (H) 10% nitrogen (N) 3%

7. The remaining 4% consists of these 7 elements… calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg) sodium (Na) potassium (K) chlorine (Cl) phosphorus (P) sulfur (S)

9. There are 14 other elements that are found in the body in teeny tiny amounts, but are absolutely essential. iron (Fe) iodine (I)

10. Question Why dont you see people in Winnipeg with goiters? Answer

17. Atoms of 4 Elements That Are Important for Life

18. Formation of an Ionic Bond

19. A Crystal of Sodium Chloride

21. A Water Molecule

22. Water is a Polar Molecule

24. Water Molecules Form Hydrogen Bonds

25. Hydrogen Bonds in Ice Versus Liquid Water

26. A Crystal of Salt Dissolving in Water

28. Bonds Are Broken & Made in a Chemical Reaction