1. Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies
AP U.S. History

2. The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism
Catholic Church/Pope
Leo – raising money, selling
Indulgences – payments to reduce/cancel sin
Martin Luther – started the Protestant Reformation
Belief of Bible? Source of God’s word
95 Thesis – 1517 – statements on abuses of church

3. John Calvin – conversion experience – intense identifiable personal experience leads to a sanctified life
King Henry 8th – church? Made himself head of the church, led to some wanting total reform in church
Edward “Bloody” Mary Elizabeth
Protestant Catholic Protestant

4. The Pilgrims End their Pilgrimage at Plymouth
Separatists – went to? Holland Left there b/c? Children too Dutch
Charter – VA Company of London
1620 – New England
Mayflower Compact – agreement to
form a government and submit to the
will of the majority
First Winter – 44 of 102 survived
Get help from – Squanto, Samoset. Next winter – better
William Bradford – Governor 30 times

5. The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth
Non-separatists – sought to change the church from within
“City on a Hill” – agreement to build a holy society that would be a model to everyone
John Winthrop – 1st Governor
Economy based on? Fur trading, fishing, shipbuilding

6. Building the Bay Colony
Franchise – adult males who belonged to the church
Government – male property owners
Who had real power?
Religious leaders

7. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth
Quakers – persecution with
fines, floggings, and
banishments
Anne Hutchison – sharp in theology, predestination, brought to trial for heresy. Banished, went to RI

8. Roger Williams – wanted clean break from church of England
Roger Williams – wanted clean break from church of England. Wanted Indians compensated for land. Banished

9. The Rhode Island Sewer/New England Spreads Out
Offered complete freedom of? Religion!! Even for Jews and Catholics. No oaths, no compulsory attendance, no taxes to support state church.
Hartford – CT – river where land was fertile
Thomas Hooker – Fundamental Orders of Conn. – gave power to many people.
New Haven Colony – Puritans wanting a closer church/state relationship. Merged with CT
New Hampshire – separated from MA

10. Puritans vs. Indians Little resistance at first – diseases
Pequot War – 1637 – English set fire to villages and shot Pequots
King Phillips War – Metacom hit frontier settlements (52 towns),
hundreds killed.
Metacom captured
and killed.

11. Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence
New England Confederation – 4 colonies together for defense from Indians, French, and Dutch.
Colonies did not like … - Ma ignored royal orders
Crown – gave CT a sea-to-sea charter, revoked MA’s charter

12. Dominion of New England –
New England, NY, NJ.
Bolster colonial defense.
Enforce the English
Navigation Laws – restrict
trade with other countries

13. Edmund Andros – Head of Dominion
Edmund Andros – Head of Dominion. Very harsh – supported the Catholic Church, no town meetings, heavy taxes
Glorious Revolution – William and Mary (daughter of James II) took the throne. Colonists chased Andros out!

14. Salutary Neglect – Navigation Acts were weakly enforced.
**** Colonies were more prosperous when left alone****

15. Old Netherlands at New Netherlands
Henry Hudson – English but sailed for the Dutch – Hudson River
New Netherlands – multi-ethnic, rare, money, Iroquois
New Amsterdam – New York
City

16. Friction with… /Dutch Residues…
Dutch allies with Iroquois
New Sweden – Peter Stuyvesant
Charles II – New York, Proprietary, Royal

17. Penn’s Holy Experiment
Quakers – Religious Society of Friends
Characteristics – no taxes to church, no paid clergy, spoke in church when moved, kept hats on, “thee,” “thou,” no oaths, refused military service
Practiced religious tolerance, …rich mix of ethnic groups
Exported – grain and other foodstuffs

18. Questions
1. Compare and contrast the New England and middle colonies in terms of motives for founding, religious and social composition, and political development.
2. What efforts were made to strengthen English control over the colonies in the 17th century, and why did they generally fail?