1. Autonomic nervous system activity and Performance in competitive swimming Synapse The Research Group Martin Garet, Nicolas Tournaire, Frédéric Roche, Renaud Laurent, Jean-René Lacour, Jean-Claude Barthélémy, Vincent Pichot Saint-Etienne Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc Saint-Etienne Université Jean Monnet PPEH Research Group CHU Saint-Etienne Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc Université Jean Monnet UFR STAPS Clermont-Ferrand, France

2. Autonomic Nervous System - Parasympathetic - Sympathetic

3. R-R variability in the recovery phase after a strenuous physical exercise Furlan et al. (1993) Before Exercise Exercise May determine cumulated decrease Rebound

4. Exercise, cumulated fatigue Pichot V. et al., Pflügers Archiv, 2002 W1W2 W3 W4 Rest * * 0 50 100 HF wavelets (%) W1W2W3W4 Rest * * AthletesWorkers Pichot V. et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000

5. Training. Improve performance. rest Load HRV Unfavorable Overtraining Training HRV Favorable Load Rebound Cycle Overload Pichot, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000 Pichot, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2002 Pichot, Pflügers, 2002 ?

6. Kenney W.L. Exercise Physiology Current Selected Research, 1988 VO 2max, mL.kgMM -1.min -1. ln VHP (ms) 7 6 5 4 3 304050607080 ANS - Performance HRV (Ptot) 3040506070 2000 10000 8000 6000 4000 VO 2max, mL.kgMM -1.min -1. Pichot V. et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2002 Cross-sectionalLongitudinal

7. Study

8. ANS – Training Load ANS - Performance Group level Individual level Individual monitoring Tapering Overtraining prevention ?

9. Population - 7 regional-level swimmers (4 boys, 3 girls) - 16.6±0.5 years - 6.4±0.9 years of practice - 400 m freestyle Timing of measurements HRV W0W5W4W3W2W1 Perf 3 1 2 RP1TPRP2 Baseline RestingTapering Training Period

10. CERT 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 W1W2W3W4 W5 Training load - 69.1 % during W4 and W5 * * * * §

11. 175 100 125 150 200 75 25 50 0 Perf 1 Perf 2 (W3)Perf 3 (W5) 115.25±57.48%71.30±52.60% HF WT (% Perf 1) ANS evolution group level NS

12. 175 100 125 150 200 75 25 50 0 S3 S4 S1 S7 S2 S5 S6 S4 S2 S6 S7 S3 S5 S1 Perf 1 Perf 2 (W3)Perf 3 (W5) HF WT (% Perf 1) ANS evolution individual level

13. Rest Training 5’10 5’04 = - 6 s 5’03 4’54 = - 9 s 5’10 5’16 = + 6 s 100 Relative values, HF% 148 % -35 % 254 % P1 P3 P1P3 Garet M. et al. In press, 2004 ± Rebound - Performance P2

15. Optimize training load Optimize tapering Conclusion Highly individual - ANS answer to training load - Supercompensation - Speed of rebound Common rule: High correlation between: - ANS activity level and performance - Respective variations in ANS and in performance

16. Engineers Vincent P ICHOT David D UVERNEY Sébastien C ELLE Anestis A NTONIADIS Neurophysiologist Frédérique B ERTHOLON MD, PhD Jean-Claude B ARTHELEMY Frédéric R OCHE Frédéric C OSTES David C HARIER Jean-René L ACOUR Synapse Research Group PhD Students Nicolas D ESVIGNE Martin G ARET Marc C HARLES Sébastien C ELLE Francis D EGACHE E-mail: martingaret@hotmail.com