1. Steps of Scientific Method
Experimental variables ?
What does experiment do?
Scientific Theory vs. Law?

2. Chpt 2 - Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Atomic Theory - Greeks and Dalton
Advances in theory (Sci Method works)
Thomson
Millikan
Rutherford
Chadwick
Molecules and Ions
Periodic Table - design, group names

3. J J Thomson
Postulated the existence of electrons using cathode-ray tubes.
Determined the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron.

4. Cathode Ray with Field

5. R. S. Millikan Performed experiments involving charged oil drops.
Determined the magnitude of the charge on a single electron.
Calculated the mass of the electron.

6. E. Rutherford
Atom has a dense center of positive charge called the nucleus.
Electrons travel around the nucleus at a relatively large distance.

7. Atomic / Nucleus Size

8. Chadwick
Novel experiment to discover missing mass in the atom (nucleus)
Why difficult to observe?

9. Periodic Table Who ? How is it organized? Know the group and
series names, metals,
nonmetals, metalloids,
solids, liquids, gases

10. Chpt 2 - Nomenclature Names <-> Chemical formulas
Binary and Polyatomic Ionic
per -ate, -ate, -ite, hypo -ite
Roman numerals
( ) if necessary in the formula
Molecules (prefixes)
Acids
Without oxygen
With oxygen

11. Nomenclature Metal 1st -> ionic compound
Binary - Metal retains its name nonmetal ends -ide
Know the normal charges to combine -make neutral
Use roman numerals for charge on transition elements
Polyatomic ions memorize from Table 2.5
Use ( ) for polyatomics, if more than 1 needed
Nonmetal 1st -> molecule
Use prefixes!! Mono not used on 1st element
1st element retains its name, other ends -ide

12. Nomenclature H 1st = Acids No oxygen, also ends -ide
hydro ____ ic acid
Has oxygen, polyatomic ion (Table 2.5)
-ate becomes ____ic acid
-ite becomes ____ous acid
H+1 used to balance polyatomic (-) charge

13. Common Polyatomic ions

14. Matter classification