1. Chapter 5: Molecules of Life
AP Biology
Chapter 5:
Molecules of Life

2. LE 5-2 Short polymer Unlinked monomer Dehydration removes a water
molecule, forming a new bond
Longer polymer
Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer
Hydrolysis adds a water
molecule, breaking a bond
Hydrolysis of a polymer

3. Carbohydrates See the Carbonyls and Hydroxides?

4. Dry vs. Wet

5. LE 5-5 Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of maltose Glucose
1–4
glycosidic
linkage
Glucose
Glucose
Maltose
Dehydration
reaction in the
synthesis of sucrose
1–2
glycosidic
linkage
Glucose
Fructose
Sucrose

6. Fig: 5.6

7. Fig: 5.7

8. Cellulose microfibrils in a plant cell wall
LE 5-8
Cellulose microfibrils
in a plant cell wall
Cell walls
Microfibril
0.5 µm
Plant cells
Cellulose
molecules
b Glucose
monomer

9. Chitin

10. Lipids

11. Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat
LE 5-11a
Fatty acid
(palmitic acid)
Glycerol
Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat

12. Fat molecule (triacylglycerol)
LE 5-11b
Ester linkage
Fat molecule (triacylglycerol)

13. Saturated vs. Unsaturated

14. Fig: 5.13

15. Cell Membranes

16. Steroid Structure

17. LE 4-9
Estradiol
Female lion
Testosterone
Male lion

18. Atherosclerosis

19. Proteins

20. LE 5-UN78
a carbon
Amino
group
Carboxyl
group

21. Fig: 5.17a

22. Fig: 5.17b

23. Peptide Bonding

24. Fig: 5.20 – Insulin 1’ sequence

25. Fig: 5.21

26. LE 5-21b Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Primary structure
Val
His
Leu
Thr
Pro
Glu
Glu
Primary
structure
Val
His
Leu
Thr
Pro
Val
Glu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Exposed
hydrophobic
region
Secondary
and tertiary
structures
Secondary
and tertiary
structures
b subunit
b subunit a a  
Quaternary
structure
Normal
hemoglobin
(top view)
Quaternary
structure
Sickle-cell
hemoglobin a   a
Function
Molecules do
not associate
with one
another; each
carries oxygen.
Function
Molecules
interact with
one another to
crystallize into
a fiber; capacity
to carry oxygen
is greatly reduced.

27. 2’ structure

28. LE 5-20d Hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions
Polypeptide
backbone
Hydrogen
bond
Disulfide bridge
Ionic bond

29. 3’ Structure

30. 4’ Structure

31. Protein’s Natural Form

32. Denaturation of a protein

33. Fig: 5.23

34. Complimentary Base Pairing

35. Fig: 5.26

36. Fig: 5.27

37. Watson and Crick

38. Genes and Evolution